Differential effects of macronutrient content in 2 energy-restricted diets on cardiovascular risk factors and adipose tissue cell size in moderately obese individuals: a randomized controlled trial

Rizkalla, Salwa W.; Prifti, Edi; Cotillard, Aurélie; Pelloux, Véronique; Rouault, Christine; Allouche, R.; Laromiguière, M.; Kong, Lingchun; Darakhshan, Froogh; Massiéra, Florence; Clément, Karine

doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.017277

Cited by 52 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…Taken together, in our overweight and obese subjects, IL-6 has negative effects on metabolism, and 12-week lifestyle modification decrease circulating IL-6 levels, insulin levels and HOMA-IR. A previous study that investigated the effect of a 16-week period of dietary restriction on circulating levels of MIP-1β, G-CSF, and VEGF found that the levels did not change significantly [6]. Compared with the results of our study here, the degree of weight-loss was smaller in the previous study, which may have caused a different effect on the inflammatory condition.…”

Section: -24]contrasting

confidence: 94%

“…Several previous studies have revealed that weight-loss is an effective way to reduce the levels of many types of inflammatory substances (i.e., C-reactive protein [CRP], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-6 [IL-6], interleukin-1 beta [IL-1β], monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 [MCP-1] etc.) in obese individuals [5][6][7][8][9]. Numerous types of inflammatory substances have been found and most of these levels are known to increase in obesity.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Which cytokine is the most related to weight loss-induced decrease in arterial stiffness in overweight and obese men?

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Obesity and increased arterial stiffness are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. A well-known characteristic of obesity is the chronic low-grade inflammatory state, and it causes elevation of arterial stiffness. Weight-loss reduces arterial stiffness and inflammatory level in obese individuals. However, it is unclear which inflammatory factor is most related to weight loss-induce decreases in arterial stiffness in overweight and obese men. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine which circulating cytokine level has the most effect on decreasing arterial stiffness after lifestyle modification. Twenty overweight and obese men completed a 12-week period of lifestyle modifications (combination of aerobic exercise training and dietary modification). We measured brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) as an index of arterial stiffness, and circulating cytokine levels using comprehensive analysis. After the 12-week lifestyle modifications, body mass was markedly decreased. Also, baPWV and the levels of several circulating cytokines significantly decreased after the lifestyle modifications. We observed a positive correlation between changes in baPWV and circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Furthermore, multiple liner regression analysis revealed that change in baPWV was significantly associated with that in IL-6 levels after consideration of changes in systolic blood pressure and body mass index. These results suggest that for overweight and obese men, a 12-week period of lifestyle modifications-induced a decrease in circulating cytokine levels (especially IL-6 levels), leads to decreased baPWV.

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Section: -24]contrasting

confidence: 94%

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confidence: 99%

Which cytokine is the most related to weight loss-induced decrease in arterial stiffness in overweight and obese men?

et al. 2018

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“…The consequences on adipose tissue biology of such diets differing by their protein composition are not well known. In addition to a small loss of fat mass (10%), we identified an important reduction of adipocyte weight (30 -40%), in agreement with the relevance of adipocyte size as an important cellular obesity phenotype (38). Unfortunately, we could not find any difference for this parameter between the spread and pulse groups whatever the protein source.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The association between gene expression changes in adipose tissue and modification of adipocyte size, an important marker of obesity phenotype, has been recently described during restriction diet trials (38). We further characterized adipose tissue gene expression and determined adipocyte size before and after dietary intervention.…”

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confidence: 92%

Protein feeding pattern, casein feeding, or milk-soluble protein feeding did not change the evolution of body composition during a short-term weight loss program

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et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Dardevet D, Mosoni L. Protein feeding pattern, casein feeding, or milk-soluble protein feeding did not change the evolution of body composition during a short-term weight loss program. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 303: E973-E982, 2012. First published August 14, 2012; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00285.2012.-Studies have shown that timing of protein intake, leucine content, and speed of digestion significantly affect postprandial protein utilization. Our aim was to determine if one can spare lean body mass during energy restriction by varying the quality and the timing of protein intake. Obese volunteers followed a 6-wk restricted energy diet. Four groups were compared: casein pulse, casein spread, milk-soluble protein (MSP, ϭ whey) pulse, and MSP spread (n ϭ 10 -11 per group). In casein groups, caseins were the only protein source; it was MSP in MSP groups. Proteins were distributed in four meals per day in the proportion 8:80:4:8% in the pulse groups; it was 25:25:25:25% in the spread groups. We measured weight, body composition, nitrogen balance, 3-methylhistidine excretion, perception of hunger, plasma parameters, adipose tissue metabolism, and whole body protein metabolism. Volunteers lost 7.5 Ϯ 0.4 kg of weight, 5.1 Ϯ 0.2 kg of fat, and 2.2 Ϯ 0.2 kg of lean mass, with no difference between groups. In adipose tissue, cell size and mRNA expression of various genes were reduced with no difference between groups. Hunger perception was also never different between groups. In the last week, due to a higher inhibition of protein degradation and despite a lower stimulation of protein synthesis, postprandial balance between whole body protein synthesis and degradation was better with caseins than with MSP. It seems likely that the positive effect of caseins on protein balance occurred only at the end of the experiment. lean body mass; fat mass; casein; whey; protein metabolism OBESITY HAS NOW REACHED epidemic proportions. In 2008, more than one billion adults were overweight, and 500 million were clinically obese (18). Obesity is a risk factor for the development of chronic diseases like cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, and it contributes strongly to the global burden of associated health costs. Since most medications have now been pulled from the market, obese individuals seeking weight loss often use restrictive diets. These lead to a reduction in adiposity but also to a loss of metabolically active mass, i.e., fat-free mass including muscle mass (11). This loss should be minimized. In particular, muscle is an emergency store of amino acids that are used in case of nutritional, traumatic, or infectious stresses. The objective of this work was to minimize this loss of metabolically active tissue by optimizing protein nutrition during energy restriction.It is known that lean mass wasting can be limited by including a sufficient amount of protein in the energy-restricted diet (26, 32). However, little is known about the effects of the nature and timing of ingested proteins in such situations.

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“…Nevertheless, it is important to note that weight loss in obese individuals does not appear to be accompanied by a decreased ABCG1 expression in AT, as it could have been initially expected. Indeed, gene expression analysis of subcutaneous AT from obese patients following caloric restriction [11][12][13][14] or surgery 15 did not reveal any reduction of ABCG1 expression in AT after weight loss but instead detected an upregulation of this pathway in some cases. 16,17 These intriguing data suggest that ABCG1 can exert a more complex role in AT than that recently identified by us in adipocytes.…”

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confidence: 97%

Adipose ABCG1: A potential therapeutic target in obesity?

Frisdal

Goff

2015

Adipocyte

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Differential effects of macronutrient content in 2 energy-restricted diets on cardiovascular risk factors and adipose tissue cell size in moderately obese individuals: a randomized controlled trial

Cited by 52 publications

References 46 publications

Which cytokine is the most related to weight loss-induced decrease in arterial stiffness in overweight and obese men?

Which cytokine is the most related to weight loss-induced decrease in arterial stiffness in overweight and obese men?

Protein feeding pattern, casein feeding, or milk-soluble protein feeding did not change the evolution of body composition during a short-term weight loss program

Adipose ABCG1: A potential therapeutic target in obesity?

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