Differential effects of glucocorticoids on human auditory perception

Fehm-Wolfsdorf, Gabriele; Nagel, D

doi:10.1016/0301-0511(95)05150-3

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Within the optimal range of cortisol, the bigger volume of the thalamus (plausibly with more glucocorticoid receptors) could bind more cortisol, which subsequently influences perceptual detection thresholds. This can then enhance focused attention on the perceived stimuli and excludes irrelevant stimuli (Fehm-Wolfsdorf and Nagel, 1996; Erickson et al, 2003), resulting in better processing speed. In contrast, excess cortisol can down-regulate glucocorticoid receptors in the brain (Sapolsky and McEwen, 1985), which reduces the regional brain responsiveness to cortisol stimulations, and hence, minimizes the effect of cortisol on processing speed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderating Effects of Cortisol on Neural-Cognitive Association in Cognitively Normal Elderly Subjects

Lau

Leung

Law

et al. 2017

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Cortisol homeostasis is important for healthy brain and cognitive aging. The aim of the current study is to investigate the role of serum cortisol levels in the relationship between regional brain volumes and cognitive processing speed in a group of cognitively normal elderly subjects. Forty-one healthy elderly participants were from a parallel longitudinal study. The reported data in this study reflects baseline measurements. Whole-brain anatomical scanning was performed using a 3.0 Tesla Philips Medical Systems Achieva scanner. Cognitive processing speed was assessed by the digit-symbol and symbol search tests, from the Chinese version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—third edition (WAIS-III). Serum cortisol levels (sampled in the late morning) were measured by ELISA kits. Whole-brain regression analysis revealed that serum cortisol levels positively predicted the white matter volumes (WMV) of the right thalamus, the gray matter volumes (GMV) of the left thalamus and right cerebellar tonsil, and negatively predicted the WMV and GMV of the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) in 41 healthy elderly participants. Furthermore, serum cortisol significantly moderated the relationship between the GMV of the left MTG and processing speed, as well as the GMV of the left thalamus and processing speed. This study provided the first piece of evidence supporting serum cortisol levels in moderating the relationship between regional brain volumes and processing speed in healthy elderly subjects. This observation enriches our understanding of the role of cortisol in brain morphology and cognitive functioning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderating Effects of Cortisol on Neural-Cognitive Association in Cognitively Normal Elderly Subjects

Lau

Leung

Law

et al. 2017

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…The results may also help explain another feature of HA: increased sensory sensitivity to external stimuli [63]. Increased levels of basal cortisol have been shown to be related to increased sensory sensitivity to external stimuli [64], and higher levels of basal cortisol production were observed for those with higher levels of HA.…”

Section: The Cortisol Profile and Hamentioning

confidence: 92%

Health anxiety moderates the daytime cortisol slope

Ferguson¹

2008

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

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“…In addition, MRs display a pronounced circadian rhythmicity peaking around feeding time [87]. Such an increase in MR function makes it possible that organisms can detect sensory signals at significantly lower levels, which may be functional because at feeding time many species are more vulnerable to predation [155][156][157][158]. There is a growing body of evidence that glucocorticoids via MRs play a critical role in mediating freezing behavior [48,121].…”

Section: Allostasis and The Emotional Brainmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Darwinian concept of stress: benefits of allostasis and costs of allostatic load and the trade-offs in health and disease

Korte

Koolhaas

Wingfield

et al. 2005

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

947

726

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Why do we get the stress-related diseases we do? Why do some people have flare ups of autoimmune disease, whereas others suffer from melancholic depression during a stressful period in their life? In the present review possible explanations will be given by using different levels of analysis. First, we explain in evolutionary terms why different organisms adopt different behavioral strategies to cope with stress. It has become clear that natural selection maintains a balance of different traits preserving genes for high aggression (Hawks) and low aggression (Doves) within a population. The existence of these personality types (Hawks-Doves) is widespread in the animal kingdom, not only between males and females but also within the same gender across species. Second, proximate (causal) explanations are given for the different stress responses and how they work. Hawks and Doves differ in underlying physiology and these differences are associated with their respective behavioral strategies; for example, bold Hawks preferentially adopt the fight-flight response when establishing a new territory or defending an existing territory, while cautious Doves show the freeze-hide response to adapt to threats in their environment. Thus, adaptive processes that actively maintain stability through change (allostasis) depend on the personality type and the associated stress responses. Third, we describe how the expression of the various stress responses can result in specific benefits to the organism. Fourth, we discuss how the benefits of allostasis and the costs of adaptation (allostatic load) lead to different trade-offs in health and disease, thereby reinforcing a Darwinian concept of stress. Collectively, this provides some explanation of why individuals may differ in their vulnerability to different stress-related diseases and how this relates to the range of personality types, especially aggressive Hawks and non-aggressive Doves in a population. A conceptual framework is presented showing that Hawks, due to inefficient management of mediators of allostasis, are more likely to be violent, to develop impulse control disorders, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, sudden death, atypical depression, chronic fatigue states and inflammation. In contrast, Doves, due to the greater release of mediators of allostasis (surplus), are more susceptible to anxiety disorders, metabolic syndromes, melancholic depression, psychotic states and infection.

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Differential effects of glucocorticoids on human auditory perception

Cited by 33 publications

References 37 publications

Moderating Effects of Cortisol on Neural-Cognitive Association in Cognitively Normal Elderly Subjects

Moderating Effects of Cortisol on Neural-Cognitive Association in Cognitively Normal Elderly Subjects

Health anxiety moderates the daytime cortisol slope

The Darwinian concept of stress: benefits of allostasis and costs of allostatic load and the trade-offs in health and disease

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