Differential Effect of cis‐Eicosenoic Acid Positional Isomers on Adipogenesis and Lipid Accumulation in 3T3‐L1 Cells

Abstract

Cis‐eicosenoic acid‐rich fish oil have shown beneficial health effects toward obesity‐related metabolic dysfunctions. Six bioavailable cis‐eicosenoic acid positional isomers (c‐20:1 PIs) are examined for their effects on adipogenesis and lipid accumulation using 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes. Cells are cultured using experimental (c‐20:1 PIs‐added, 50 µM) or control (oleic acid (c9‐18:1, 50 µM) or no fatty acids) medium. The treatment of c‐20:1 PIs, significantly (p < 0.05) decreases the cellular triglyceride content compared to that of c9‐18:1. Cells absorbed c‐20:1 PIs at significantly (p < 0.05) different percentages and has altered the fatty acid metabolism. The c15‐20:1 comparatively down‐regulated the transcriptional factors for adipogenesis (peroxisome proliferative‐activated receptor gamma and CCCAT enhancer binding protein alpha) and lipogenesis (sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1); thus, show comparative anti‐adipogenic and anti‐lipogenic effect. In conclusion, c‐20:1 PIs affect differently on adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in 3T3‐L1 cells and the position of the double bond in c‐20:1 influences on their functionality. Practical applications: The control of the adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in adipocytes via improving the composition of dietary fat is useful as a prevention measure for obesity and subsequent diseases. This study demonstrates the beneficial effect of cis‐eicosenoic acid (c‐20:1) positional isomers particularly c15‐20:1 in controlling the adipogenesis and subsequent lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Thus, food rich in 20:1 positional isomers, such as fish oil, plant seeds, and nuts are useful as functional foods for the prevention of obesity and could also use as effective weight loss supplements. The effect of cis‐eicosenoic acid positional isomers (c‐20:1 PIs) on the adipogenesis and lipid accumulation is studied using 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes. Cells are cultured using experimental (c‐20:1 PIs‐added, 50 μM) or control (oleic acid (c9‐18:1, 50 μM) or no fatty acids) medium. The treatment of c‐20:1 PIs, particularly c15‐20:1 significantly (p < 0.05) decreases the cellular triglyceride content compared to that of c9‐18:1 and subsequently reduces the lipid accumulation in cells.

Simultaneous Treatment of Long-chain Monounsaturated Fatty Acid and n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Decreases Lipid and Cholesterol Levels in HepG2 Cell

“…This is noteworthy because there is a possibility that LC-MUFA itself may strongly lower lipid accumulation or enhance the lipid reduction ability of EPA and DHA. Senarathi et al compared the abilities of cis-5-C20:1, cis-7-C20:1, cis-9-C20:1, cis-11-C20:1, cis-13-C20:1, cis-15-C20:1, and oleic acid cis-9-C18:1, control to accumulate lipids in 3T3-L1 cells 10 and found that cis-7-C20:1, cis-11-C20:1, and cis-15-C20:1 significantly reduced the accumulation of TAG as compared to cis-9-C18:1 control . In particular, cis-15-C20:1 exhibited the strongest effect.…”

“…In previous studies, the key LC-MUFAs in fish oil were reported to be cis-eicosenoic acid cis-C20:1 comprising several isomers, such as cis-5-C20:1, cis-7-C20:1, cis-9-C20:1, cis-11-C20:1, cis-13-C20:1, and cis-15-C20:1 9 . The cis-C20:1 positional isomers were shown to significantly inhibit TAG accumulation in mouse fibroblast 3T3-L1 as compared to oleic acid 10 . However, studies on the healthpromoting effects of these fatty acids from fish oil have mainly focused on n-3PUFAs or LC-MUFAs alone, and no studies have evaluated the effects of the combination of n-3PUFAs and LC-MUFAs.…”

Koelreuteria paniculata Seed Oil—A Rich Natural Source of Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Phytocompounds with DNA Protective Potential

“…There are numerous evidence on the impact of high oleic diet on the decreasing rate of the coronary heart disease, diabetes type 2, hypertension and may have protective effect against stroke [58][59][60]. A diet with high content of eicosenoic acid is also observed to have beneficial effect toward obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions [61].…”

Supplementation of Ex-Situ Biofloc to Improve Growth Performance and Enhance Nutritional Values of the Pacific White Shrimp Rearing at Low Salinity Conditions

“…Eicosenoic acid (20:1) is a monounsaturated fatty acid existing in three different forms: 9-eicosenoic acid (an omega-11 gadoleic acid), 11-eicosenoic acid (an omega-9 gondoic acid), and 13-eicosenoic acid (an omega-7 paullinic acid) [75]. An eicosenoic acid-rich marine oil diet showed decreasing risk factors for cardiovascular-related diseases and atherosclerosis in mice [76] and suppressing lipogenesis in mice [77]. These fatty acids were found to be beneficial to humans.…”