Differential effect of Activin A and WNT3a on definitive endoderm differentiation on electrospun nanofibrous PCL scaffold

Journal Cellular Physiology

Tavakol

2018

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Diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune and chronic disorder that is rapidly expanding worldwide due to increasing obesity. In the current study, we were able to design a reliable 3‐dimensional differentiation process of human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells into pancreatic beta cell precursors (PBCPs) and detected that transplanted PBCPs could improve hyperglycemia in a diabetes‐induced model in mice. Polylactic acid/chitosan nanofibrous scaffold was prepared using an electrospinning method. Quantitative real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry analysis were carried out to assess pancreatic marker expression in the differentiated cells. PBCPs were transplanted under the kidney capsule of diabetic mice that induced streptozotocin injection 14 days before the transplantation. Moreover, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (ipGTT) was carried out 2 and 4 weeks after the transplantation to measure the reaction to a sudden increase of the blood glucose level in the transplanted animals. The results indicated that the expression of SRY (sex determining region Y)‐box (Sox17), forkhead box A2 (FoxA2), pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1), neurogenin 3 (Ngn3), hepatic nuclear factor 4, alpha (Hnf4α), and NK2 homeobox 2 (Nkx2.2) were increased significantly in the differentiated cells compared with that of the control group. In the current study, the diabetic disease was confirmed by measuring blood glucose and proved by conducting some other behavioral tests. After the PBCPs transplantation in a diabetic model, the ipGTT and hyperglycemia investigation during the determinant times confirmed the disease's significant improvement in the experimental models. In this study, some preclinical data suggested that the transplantation of PBCPs associated with appropriate nanofiber scaffold can be utilized for the treatment of diabetes models. In addition, studies are required to elucidate the molecular mechanism of PBCPs acting in diabetes models before being used for patients with diabetes.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells derived beta cell precursors on a nanofibrous scaffold: An approach to treat diabetes mellitus

Journal Cellular Physiology

Tavakol

2018

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“…Electrospinning is a favorite and simple method to produce nanofibrous scaffolds from various polymers and was used in this study to control the properties of electrospun scaffolds. Electrospun nanofibers which are similar to extracellular matrix (ECM) have a network structure and have been widely used for tissue engineering (Hoveizi, Massumi, Ebrahimi‐barough, Tavakol, & Ai, ; Hoveizi, Nabiuni, Parivar, Ai, & Massumi, ). Electrospun polymers such as polycaprolactone, poly (lactide‐co‐glycolide), and polylactic acid (PLA) exhibit excellent properties and have been used in various applications in the past decade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic stem cells differentiated into neuron‐like cells using SB431542 small molecule on nanofibrous PLA/CS/Wax scaffold

Journal Cellular Physiology

Ebrahimi‐Barough

2019

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Electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds show huge potential to improve the neurological outcome in central nervous system disorders. In this study, we cultured mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) on an electrospun nanofibrous polylactic acid/ Chitosan/Wax (PLA/CS/Wax) scaffold and surveyed the attachment, behavior, and differentiation of mESCs into neural cells. Differentiation in neural-like cells (NLCs) was investigated with a medium containing SB431542 as a small molecule and conjugated linolenic acid after 20 days. We used Immunocytochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques to assess neural marker expression in differentiated cells. SEM imaging demonstrated that mESCs could strongly attach, stretch, and differentiate on PLA/CS/Wax scaffolds. MESCs that were cultured on PLA/CS/Wax scaffolds showed enhanced numbers of neural structures and neural markers including Nestin, NF-H, Tuj-1, and Map2 in neural induction medium compared to the control sample. These results revealed that electrospun PLA/CS/Wax scaffolds associated with the induction medium can assemble proper conditions for stem cell differentiation into NLCs. We hope that the development of new technologies in neural tissue engineering may pave a new avenue for neural tissue regeneration. K E Y W O R D S beeswax, electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds, mESCs, neural differentiation, small molecule

Silymarin effect on experimental bone defect repair in rat following implantation of the electrospun PLA/carbon nanotubes scaffold associated with Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells

Khoobi

Naddaf

J Biomedical Materials Res

et al. 2020

In this study, the ability of silymarin to heal rat calvarial bone critical defects with mesenchymal stem cells isolated from human Wharton's jelly (HWJMSC) cultured on the electrospun scaffold of poly (lactic acid)/carbon nanotube (PLA/CNT) has been examined. In this study, 20 adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of five each. Under general anesthesia, 8 mm defects were created in the calvarial bone of the rats. Then, study groups were defined as no treatment group, the scaffold alone, the scaffold and HWJMSCs, and the scaffold/cells plus oral silymarin, respectively. The histomorphometric study was performed using H&E staining and Goldner's Masson trichrome as specific staining. The results of this study showed that the electrospun PLA/CNT scaffold is a biocompatible scaffold and HWJMSCs can considerably attach and proliferate on this scaffold, and the scaffold itself is also a suitable option for improving the bone repair process. The results of the histomorphometric analysis also showed a significantly higher amount of recently formed bone in the silymarin group plus scaffold/cells compared to the scaffold and cell group alone (p < .05). Utilizing silymarin plus HWJMSCs cultured on PLA/CNT scaffold can be used as a suitable method for the process of osteogenesis and bone repair.