Differential Effect of 3-Dimensional Color Doppler Echocardiography for the Quantification of Mitral Regurgitation According to the Severity and Characteristics

Abstract

Although the flow quantification using 3D-CDE has been proposed to overcome the inherent limitations of 2D-CDE, 9,12-15 its technical limitations, such as multiple gated acquisition and time-consuming manual processing, prevent it from becoming widely adopted into daily clinical practice.Recently, advances in technology of 3D-CDE provide the option of semiautomated MR quantification based on the 3D-PISA method, and its results could be potentially more accurate than 2D-PISA method in quantifying MR. 16Background-The aim of this study is to explore the differential effect of 3-dimensional color Doppler echocardiography for the quantification of mitral regurgitation (MR

Three‐dimensional proximal flow convergence automatic calculation for determining mitral valve area in rheumatic mitral stenosis

“…The software that we used allows an almost fully automatic quantification of the PISA volume without the need of correction formulas for the PISA shape or any angle correction factor. It has mainly been used for quantifying mitral regurgitation, showing increased accuracy when compared to 2D methods . Recent works also successfully applied it for quantifying tricuspid regurgitation and mitral stenosis with similar findings .…”

“…Three‐dimensional PISA volume was calculated more than a month after the acquisition, using a dedicated software (eSie PISA; Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc). A detailed description of the software as well as its in vitro and in vivo validation can be found elsewhere . After selecting the frame with the largest and more well‐defined PISA in mid‐diastole, selecting an aliasing velocity (by shifting the baseline) and setting the seed points, this software automatically determines the PISA volume—Figure .…”

“…A detailed description of the software as well as its in vitro and in vivo validation can be found elsewhere. [13][14][15][16][17][18] After selecting the frame with the largest and more well-defined PISA in mid-diastole, selecting an aliasing velocity (by shifting the baseline) and setting the seed points, this software automatically determines the PISA volume- Figure 2. Additional editing was manually performed if needed.…”

Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Valvular Heart Disease: Diagnosis, Assessment, and Management

“…3D echocardiography (3DE) MR assessment could have potential advantages for quantifying MR due to fewer geometric assumptions; however, 3DE PISA-derived Rvol has shown mixed results in terms of correlations with CMR [56, 57]. …”

An easy‐to‐use scoring index to determine severity of mitral regurgitation by 2D echocardiography in clinical practice

“…However, differentiating moderate from severe MR remains challenging in the absence of a clear definition of the MR severity and its quantification . Accurate quantification not only prevents undergrading of patients with identified severe MR as having nonsevere MR, it also prevents referral of patients to surgical centers for severe MR by echocardiography that reveal nonsevere MR on advanced evaluation, for example, by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) or cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) …”