Differential Display of Messenger Ribonucleic Acid

Background Brain tumors claimed the lives of 13,300 people in 1995. Our objective was to isolate and characterize unique tumor‐suppressor genes from human brain tumors derived from patients in the United States. Methods Differential display‐polymerase chain reaction was used to isolate tumor suppressor genes. Results Clone C4‐2 was isolated and is expressed in normal adult human brain, but not in brain tissue from glioblastoma multiforme tumors. C4‐2 has 66% homology to the previously isolated ARPP‐16 (cAMP‐regulated phosphoprotein of Mr = 16,000) based on limited sequencing. C4‐2 is expressed at high levels in normal brain and is not expressed or expressed at low levels in several brain tumor cell lines. Expression of C4‐2 was also either not expressed or expressed at low levels in meningioma, B‐cell lymphoma, recurrent glioma, LNCAP (prostate tumor cell line), breast tumor, or prostate tumor tissue. Conclusion We conclude that C4‐2 may function as a potential tumor‐suppressor gene. J. Surg. Oncol. 64:102–108 © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Characterization of C4-2 as a tumor-suppressor gene in human brain tumors

Sehgal

Keener

Boynton

et al. 1997

J. Surg. Oncol.

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Cloning, sequence, and developmental expression analysis of C4-2, a potential brain tumor-suppressor gene

et al. 1997

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Background Previously, we reported the isolation of C4‐2 as a potential tumor suppressor gene in human brain tumors. To understand the function of this gene, we investigated its molecular characterization and expression during development. Methods Human fetal brain library screening and 5′RACE‐PCR method was used to isolate the full‐length cDNA. The coding region of C4‐2 was used for in situ hybridization to study its expression during development. Results We report here the complete sequence of this gene. Sequence analysis indicated that C4‐2 has a 94% sequence identity to a family of cAMP‐regulated phosphoproteins (ARPP‐16/19) in the coding region. C4‐2 has a 3.1 Kb long 3′UTR with variable identity to ARPP‐16 and ARPP‐19. Northern blot analysis indicated that C4‐2 is expressed at high levels in normal brain compared to other tissues. Zoo blot analysis demonstrated that the coding region of C4‐2 is highly conserved among different animals. In situ hybridization using C4‐2 coding region demonstrated that it follows a unique expression pattern during mouse brain development. High level of C4‐2 expression was also observed in the spinal cord and somites of the developing embryo. Conclusion Expression analysis during brain development strongly suggests that this family of proteins may play an important role not only in normal functioning of the brain, but also during brain development. J. Surg. Oncol. 1997;65:249–257. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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High throughput analysis of gene expression in the human brain

Colantuoni

Purcell

Bouton

et al. 2000

Journal of Neuroscience Research

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The human brain is thought to have the greatest complexity of gene expression of any region of the body, reflecting the diverse functions of neurons and glia. Studies of gene expression in the human brain may yield fundamental information about the phenotype of brain cells in different stages of development, in different brain regions, and in different physiological and pathological states. As the human genome project nears completion, several technological advances allow the analysis of thousands of expressed genes in a small brain sample. This review describes available sources of human brain material, and several high throughput techniques used to measure the expression of thousands of genes. These techniques include expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing of cDNA libraries; differential display; subtractive hybridization; serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE); and the emerging technology of high density DNA microarrays. Measurement of gene expression with microarrays and other technologies has potential applications in the study of human brain diseases, including cognitive disorders for which animal models are typically not available. Gene expression measurements may be used to identify genes that are abnormally regulated as a secondary consequence of a disease state, or to identify the response of brain cells to pharmacological treatments.

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Differential Display of Messenger Ribonucleic Acid

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Characterization of C4-2 as a tumor-suppressor gene in human brain tumors

Characterization of C4-2 as a tumor-suppressor gene in human brain tumors

Cloning, sequence, and developmental expression analysis of C4-2, a potential brain tumor-suppressor gene

High throughput analysis of gene expression in the human brain

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