Differential Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: Two Clinical Cases

Stavropoulos, Katherine K.M.; Bolourian, Yasamine; Blacher, Jan

doi:10.3390/jcm7040071

Cited by 26 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover, we found a prevalence of 17.1% of subjects that endorsed all the symptomatological criteria for PTSD (criteria B-E), with a significantly higher rate among AdAS Spectrum high scorers and without sex differences. The presence of higher trauma- and stress-related spectrum symptoms among subjects with AT is in line with previous literature, which reports that AT may be considered a consistent vulnerability factor for adjustment disorders and PTSD [5, 22, 30, 32, 35, 37, 43, 85]. From this point of view, our results seem to suggest that some subjects may suffer from a PTSD-like symptomatology even if they do not have a history of major traumatic events, as conceptualized yet by the Complex PTSD (cPTSD) model [41].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…While Mehtar and Mukaddes [30] stressed a high Prevalence of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in children with ASD (around 67%), Storch et al [31] found that suicidal thoughts and behaviors were frequent in young adults with ASD, and related to the presence of depression and PTSD, suggesting that these patients may be considered as a low-resilience group with a higher vulnerability for developing trauma and stress-related disorders. However, other studies showed lower rates of comorbidity between PTSD and ASD [32]. Some authors suggested that the inconsistencies reported about the association between full-blown ASD and PTSD may be explained considering that ASD patients are frequently unable to properly report traumatic events, due to their difficulties in mentalization of traumatic contents and processing stressful situations [32-34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, other studies showed lower rates of comorbidity between PTSD and ASD [32]. Some authors suggested that the inconsistencies reported about the association between full-blown ASD and PTSD may be explained considering that ASD patients are frequently unable to properly report traumatic events, due to their difficulties in mentalization of traumatic contents and processing stressful situations [32-34]. Kato and colleagues [35] also detected a higher prevalence (70%) of adjustment disorders in ASD patients who attempted suicide, assuming that not only mood disorders but also adjustment disorders may be associated with higher suicidal risk in these subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sex Differences in the Relationship between PTSD Spectrum Symptoms and Autistic Traits in a Sample of University Students

Carpita

Muti

Muscarella

et al. 2019

CPEMH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background:While growing literature is stressing the link between Autistic Traits (AT) and trauma-/stress-related disorders, in both conditions significant differences have been separately reported.Objective:This study aims to evaluate the relationship between AT and trauma-/stress-related symptoms with respect to sex.Methods:178 university students were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5, the Trauma and Loss Spectrum (TALS) and the Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum (AdAS). In order to evaluate sex differences in trauma-/stress-related symptoms among subjects with higher or lower AT, the sample was split in two groups with an equal number of subjects on the basis of the median score reported on AdAS Spectrum (“AdAS high scorers” and “AdAS low scorers”).Results:Females reported significantly higher TALS total score, Loss events and Grief reaction domain scores than males in the whole sample, while AdAS high scorers reported significantly higher TALS total and domain scores than AdAS low scorers. A significant interaction between high/low AdAS score and sex emerged for TALS domains, with females scoring significantly higher than males only among AdAS low scorers, specifically on Loss events, Grief reaction, Re-experiencing and Personal characteristics/Risk factors domains. Finally, among AdAS high scorers a significantly higher rate of subjects fulfilled symptomatological criteria for PTSD than among AdAS low scorers, without sex differences.Conclusion:Our results confirm a significant relationship between AT and trauma-/stress-related symptoms, which seems to prevail on sex differences among high-risk subjects.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sex Differences in the Relationship between PTSD Spectrum Symptoms and Autistic Traits in a Sample of University Students

Carpita

Muti

Muscarella

et al. 2019

CPEMH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Regarding trauma, cognitive rigidity, and repetitive and avoidant behaviors are found across both autism and PTSD ( Haruvi-Lamdan et al, 2017 ; Stavropoulos et al, 2018 ). Autistic people are highly vulnerable to trauma, including types of chronic trauma experiences often responsible for long-lasting cognitive and emotional effects, such as sustained bullying ( Rumball et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive and differential diagnosis of autism in verbal women of typical intelligence: A Delphi study

Cumin

Peláez

Mottron

2021

Autism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diagnostic criteria for autism are relatively vague, and may lead to over and underdiagnosis when applied without clinical expertise. Indeed, autism is best reliably identified by experienced clinicians who take into account qualitative aspects of the condition. When assessing for autism in women, little guidance exists to support clinicians deciding whether to attribute adaptive difficulties to autism, a psychiatric condition, or both. The purpose of this study was therefore to propose guidelines for clinicians assessing for autism in women. To do this, we aimed to describe the clinical expertise involved in making positive and differential diagnoses of autism in adult women of typical intelligence. We interviewed 20 experienced clinicians from seven countries. We then elaborated Delphi statements summarizing participant views on the topic, which our participants rated. We obtained a final list of 37 suggested clinical guidelines to improve specificity and sensitivity of autism diagnosis in women. Participants had developed individual assessment strategies, although much overlap existed across participants. Participants provided insight to differentiate autism from post-traumatic stress disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder, and underlined the importance of being able to make differential diagnoses particularly in cases where non-autistic people had strongly self-identified with the spectrum. Lay abstract The diagnostic criteria for autism are relatively vague and can lead to both under- and over-diagnosis if applied as a checklist. The highest level of agreement that a person is autistic occurs when experienced clinicians are able to make use of their clinical judgment. However, it is not always clear what this judgment consists of. Given that particular issues exist when assessing for autism in adult women, we wanted to explore how expert clinicians address difficult diagnostic situations in this population. We interviewed 20 experienced psychologists and psychiatrists from seven countries and discussed how they conducted autism assessments in adult women. We then came up with a list of 35 statements that described participant views. Our participants completed an online survey where they rated their agreement with these statements and provided feedback on how the statements were worded and organized. We obtained a final list of 37 suggested clinical guidelines. Participants agreed that diagnostic tools and questionnaires had to be coupled with judgment and expertise. Participants felt that trauma and Borderline Personality Disorder could be difficult to differentiate from autism, and agreed on some ways to address this issue. Participants agreed that self-identification to the autism spectrum was frequent, and that it was important to provide alternative support when they did not ultimately diagnose autism.

show abstract

“…A taxa de prevalência pelo resultado de coorte (estudo observacional analítico) do grupo de alunos com autismo chega em 59% com um comórbido e 41% de dois ou mais comórbidos. (Stavropoulos, 2018).…”

Section: Síndrome De Asperger E Suas Característicasunclassified

Letramento Literário E O Folheto De Cordel – Uma Discussão Possível

Izídio¹,

Moraes²,

Sousa³

2022

Educação: Políticas Públicas, Ensino E Formação 3

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Direitos para esta edição cedidos à Atena Editora pelos autores. Open access publication by Atena Editora Todo o conteúdo deste livro está licenciado sob uma Licença de Atribuição Creative Commons. Atribuição-Não-Comercial-NãoDerivativos 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores, inclusive não representam necessariamente a posição oficial da Atena Editora. Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais.Todos os manuscritos foram previamente submetidos à avaliação cega pelos pares, membros do Conselho Editorial desta Editora, tendo sido aprovados para a publicação com base em critérios de neutralidade e imparcialidade acadêmica.A Atena Editora é comprometida em garantir a integridade editorial em todas as etapas do processo de publicação, evitando plágio, dados ou resultados fraudulentos e impedindo que interesses financeiros comprometam os padrões éticos da publicação. Situações suspeitas de má conduta científica serão investigadas sob o mais alto padrão de rigor acadêmico e ético.

show abstract

Differential Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: Two Clinical Cases

Cited by 26 publications

References 33 publications

Sex Differences in the Relationship between PTSD Spectrum Symptoms and Autistic Traits in a Sample of University Students

Sex Differences in the Relationship between PTSD Spectrum Symptoms and Autistic Traits in a Sample of University Students

Positive and differential diagnosis of autism in verbal women of typical intelligence: A Delphi study

Letramento Literário E O Folheto De Cordel – Uma Discussão Possível

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About