Differential Cytotoxicity of Anticancer Agents in Pre- and Post-Immortal Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines

Abstract

An anticancer drug screening program based on the use of multiple panels of human solid tumor cell lines was developed in the United States, 1) and a similar system using a panel of 60 human tumor cell lines organized into subpanels representing leukemia, melanoma, and cancers of the lung, colon, kidney, ovary, and central nervous system was also developed. 2) Vassilev et al.3) used a cell-based screening approach for anticancer drugs by using sensitivity differences between normal and cancer cells. For these studies, diploid adherent cells-if used, including fibroblasts, are mainly used as a control cell line. A potential problem in these systems is that most control cells do not necessarily have a high proliferating activity, and do not show a high sensitivity to anticancer agents. Anticancer agents have strong side effects in actively proliferating cells, such as haemapoietic cells, lymphoid cells, gut epithelial cells and hair root cells causing anemia, lymphopenia, diarrhea, and loss of hair. Therefore, easily available control cell lines with actively proliferating activity are required.Human resting B-cells from peripheral blood are easily transformed by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to actively proliferating lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). These LCLs with normal diploid karyotypes have long been believed to be "immortal", without becoming tumorigenic. [4][5][6] A series of recent studies, however, indicate that this initial, simple concept needs extensive reconsideration.7-11) Most conventionally established LCLs from normal individuals are mortal (pre-immortal) because their telomeres shorten.12) Some LCLs are truly immortalized (post-immortal) by overcoming the proliferation crisis, accompanied by developing strong telomerase activity and abnormal chromosomes including aneuploidy, after chromosomal rearrangement. 11,13,14) Postimmortal LCLs undergo other changes during long-term culture [15][16][17] : down-regulation of p16/Rb, mutation of the p53 gene, modulation of apoptosis and sensitivity to chemical agents. Some post-immortal LCLs develop the ability to form colonies in agarose, and even become tumorigenic by developing the ability to grow in nude mice. Notably, pre-immortal LCL cells share various characteristics with normal B-lymphoblasts generated in vivo by antigen stimulation, providing a basis to use pre-immortal LCLs as a control cell line representing actively proliferating normal lymphoblasts.6,18) Normal lymphoblasts and LCL cells share the following characteristics: lymphoblastoid morphology, surface immunoglobulin, secretion of immunoglobulin, a limited lifespan (mortal), negative or low telomerase activity and normal diploid chromosomes. If pre-and post-immortal LCLs derived from a common cell line show different cytotoxicity against anticancer agents, the difference is considered to be solely due to immortalization. Therefore, we used post-immortal LCLs (post-LCLs) as a model of lymphoma and pre-immortal LCLs (pre-LCLs) as a control.Anticancer agents are roughly divided into two group...

Embryoprotein TWIST distribution in breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 treated with 5-Fluorouracil and malnutrition

“…The viability cells decrease by the citotoxic effects of Fluorouracil was consistent with those reported in linfoblastic cell cancer, thyroid cell cancer, and mouse tumor cell [25][26][27]. The 5-Fu damage may be associated with a fail on repair system [26], and could be possible that higher doses induce total cell death.…”

Cytotoxic drug sensitivity of Epstein-Barr virus transformed lymphoblastoid B-cells

“…The findings that PTLD can arise very rapidly in post-transplant patient together with the data that freshly EBV infected B-cells can grow into generalized immunoblastic lymphomas within a few weeks, implies that the development of PTLD does not require aneuploidy. Sawada et al reported that LCLs with negative or low telomerase activity and normal karyotypes are more sensitive against certain drugs, than LCLs with a high telomerase activity and abnormal karyotypes [22]. This data together with our present findings may suggest that rapidly emerging PTLDs may show different drug sensitivity pattern from EBV positive aneuploid diffuse large cell B-cell lymphomas that arise for example in AIDS patients in sub-Saharan Africa.…”

A Functional Polymorphism in the NAD(P)H Oxidase Subunit CYBA Is Related to Gene Expression, Enzyme Activity, and Outcome in Non–Hodgkin Lymphoma

“…In 32 lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) from the Coriell Institute, 9 which are heterozygous at 640A>G allelic expression imbalance was assayed (32). In 7 and 10 LCLs with 640AA and 640GG genotype, respectively, transcript stability of CYBA mRNA was assessed upon treatment with actinomycin D (33,34). To delineate a functionality for CYBA 640A>G plasmids with either allele were constructed and subjected to luciferase reporter gene assays.…”