Differential cross sections on fragment (2 ≤ Z ≤ 9) production for carbon, aluminum and silicon induced by tens-of-MeV protons

Abstract

The double-differential cross sections (DDXs) for the inclusive reactions producing heavy nuclei with Z ¼ 2-9 (fragments) from carbon, aluminum, and silicon targets induced by 50 and 70 MeV protons are systematically measured at several angles (308, 608, 908, and 1358) using a specially developed Bragg curve counter and the energy-time-of-flight method. The DDXs of a silicon target for the proton-induced reaction producing fragments heavier than lithium were measured for the first time. The present results are compared with past experimental data, the LA150 evaluated data by the Los Alamos group and several intranuclear cascade models (Bertini and ISOBAR), and the JAEA-version quantum molecular dynamics model (JQMD) coupled with the Generalized Evaporation Model (GEM), which are implemented in the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS). The present results agree well with the past experimental data and LA150 data for a -particle production. For the fragments heavier than lithium, the present results show forward-peak angular distributions rather than isotropic ones stored in LA150. Calculations with the ISOBAR and GEM models well reproduced our experimental results except for light fragments especially in the high-energy region.

Preliminary Results of Investigating Precompound Emission of Light Fragments in Spallation Reactions, Summer 2012

“…With the capability to output cross section by Z, we compared our unmodified CEM03.03 results to data recently published by Hagiwara et al [20]. Figure 6 demonstrates that CEM agrees reasonably well with Hagiwara's data for a natural carbon target, even for the light fragments Li, Be, and B, because for carbon targets precompound emission of light fragments is achieved through the Fermi break-up model (as A is generally ≤ 13).…”

“…6; 3. Perform comparisons with the modified-MEM CEM03.03 and Hagiwara's [20] data for heavier silicon and aluminum targets, as well as with other reactions for which we find reliable data;…”

Double differential cross section for light mass fragment production on tens of MeV proton, deuteron, helium and carbon induced reactions

“…Details of fragment measurement using Bragg Curve Counters (BCCs) and experimental procedure were described elsewhere [6][7][8][9], thus only an outline is presented in this section. Figure 1 shows the experimental setup.…”

“…In this study, we provide a set of experimental data for fragment production with combinations of projectile and target nucleus by using the same methodology for proton induced light mass fragment measurement [6][7][8][9]. We choose four different incident particles, p, d, He and C, having same energy, 25 MeV, 50 MeV, 70 MeV and 140 MeV as incident particles.…”

“…For proton induced fragment production process, we measured Li, Be, B and C production DDXs of 40 to 300 MeV protons on C, Al, Ti and Cu targets using Bragg curve counter [6][7][8][9]. For incident ions, however less data and comparisons are available in this energy range.…”