Differential Contributions of Condensin I and Condensin II to Mitotic Chromosome Architecture in Vertebrate Cells

Ono, Takao; Losada, Ana; Hirano, Mako; Myers, Michael P.; Neuwald, Andrew F.; Hirano, Takeshi

doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00724-4

Cited by 506 publications

(801 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In cells treated with the control siRNA, the staining reveals properly paired sister chromatids, as expected (see for example Ref. 15). In contrast, in cells depleted of SNAP45, the chromosomes remained bundled together in the metaphase spread; the CAP-G staining was irregular; DNA regions were devoid of CAP-G staining, and no or very few paired sister chromatids were visible.…”

Section: Down-regulation Of Cellular Snap45 Results In Defects Insupporting

confidence: 83%

Mitotic Functions for SNAP45, a Subunit of the Small Nuclear RNA-activating Protein Complex SNAPc

Shanmugam

Hernandez

2008

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The small nuclear RNA-activating protein complex SNAP c is required for transcription of small nuclear RNA genes and binds to a proximal sequence element in their promoters. SNAP c contains five types of subunits stably associated with each other. Here we show that one of these polypeptides, SNAP45, also known as PTF ␦, localizes to centrosomes during parts of mitosis, as well as to the spindle midzone during anaphase and the mid-body during telophase. Consistent with localization to these mitotic structures, both down-and up-regulation of SNAP45 lead to a G 2 /M arrest with cells displaying abnormal mitotic structures. In contrast, down-regulation of SNAP190, another SNAP c subunit, leads to an accumulation of cells with a G 0 /G 1 DNA content. These results are consistent with the proposal that SNAP45 plays two roles in the cell, one as a subunit of the transcription factor SNAP c and another as a factor required for proper mitotic progression.Many biological processes are combinatorial, using the principle of mixing limited numbers of individual elements to give rise to nearly unlimited numbers of combinations with different functional attributes. A classical example occurs in promoters, where different arrangements of sequence elements result in the recruitment of different combinations of transcription factors that can provide the complex regulation needed for processes such as differentiation and development. Another example is in the repeated use of various polypeptides in different protein complexes. In some cases, such as the TBP-associated factors (TAFs) present in both the transcription factor IID (TFIID) and Spt-Ada-Gen5 acetyltransferase (SAGA) complexes (1, 2), the resulting complexes are involved in the same general process, in this example transcription. In other cases, however, the same proteins can exert their effect in completely different processes; for example, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase functions as a glycolytic enzyme in the cytoplasm as well as a member of a nuclear co-activator complex involved in cell cycle-regulated transcription from the H2B promoter (3). This last theme is becoming more and more common as we learn more about the players in various cellular processes.The snRNA-activating protein complex SNAP c is a multisubunit complex containing five types of subunits, SNAP190, SNAP50, SNAP45, SNAP43, and SNAP19, that is required for RNA polymerase II and III transcription of the human snRNA 2 genes (for a review see Ref. 4). The arrangement of the subunits within the complex has been deduced from protein-protein interaction studies and reconstitution of partial complexes in vitro. SNAP190 forms the backbone of the complex and binds three of the four remaining subunits through two main regions as follows: a region within the N-terminal third binds SNAP19 and SNAP43, whereas a region close to the C terminus of the protein binds SNAP45. SNAP50 joins the complex through contacts with SNAP43 (5-8). A subcomplex of SNAP c , referred to as mini-SNAP c , missing the C-terminal...

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Section: Down-regulation Of Cellular Snap45 Results In Defects Insupporting

confidence: 83%

Mitotic Functions for SNAP45, a Subunit of the Small Nuclear RNA-activating Protein Complex SNAPc

Shanmugam

Hernandez

2008

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Similar complexes exist in higher eukaryotes (Hirano et al, 1997;Schmiesing et al, 1998;Sutani et al, 1999;Freeman et al, 2000;Kimura et al, 2001). Dysfunction of any condensin subunit results in impaired mitotic and meiotic chromosome segregation (Strunnikov et al, 1995;Bhat et al, 1996;Freeman et al, 2000;Ouspenski et al, 2000;Hagstrom et al, 2002;Hudson et al, 2003;Ono et al, 2003;Cobbe et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Transcriptional homogenization of rDNA repeats in the episome-based nucleolus induces genome-wide changes in the chromosomal distribution of condensin

Wang

Strunnikov

2008

Plasmid

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Condensin activity establishes and maintains mitotic chromosome condensation, however the mechanisms of condensin recognition of specific chromosomal sites remain unknown. rDNA is the chief condensin binding locus in S. cerevisiae, and the level of nucleolar transcription is one of the key factors determining condensin loading to the nucleolar organizer. A new aspect of this transcriptional control is demonstrated in cells with a diffuse (episomal) nucleolar organizer, where active transcription excludes condensin from the transcribed regions of rDNA. Genome-wide ChIPchip analysis showed that these cells acquire an altered and a more robust pattern of chromosomal condensin distribution, with increased enrichment of wild-type hotspots and with emergence of new sites, most notably in the subtelomeric regions. This genome-wide condensin relocalization induced by the increase in rDNA transcription and, possibly, nucleolar architecture uncovers a novel potential role of the nucleolus in the general chromosome organization.

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“…HPGD converts prostaglandin E2 to biologically inactive 15-ketoprostaglandins, hence acting in opposition to COX-2, and HPGD gene has been proposed as a tumour suppressor gene in colorectal and breast cancer, with epigenetic silencing of the HPGD gene being frequently observed (Myung et al, 2006;Wolf et al, 2006). hCAP-D3 is a non-SMC subunit of the condensing II complex required for mitotic chromosome assembly and segregation (Ono et al, 2003). It was ranked ninth in terms of significance of difference in expression by microarray analysis; its expression was stimulated 19-fold by R1881 at 24 h and was increased 1.3-3.9 fold with other ligands.…”

Section: Androgen-regulated Gene Expression In Lncap Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microarray coupled to quantitative RT–PCR analysis of androgen-regulated genes in human LNCaP prostate cancer cells

et al. 2009

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Differential Contributions of Condensin I and Condensin II to Mitotic Chromosome Architecture in Vertebrate Cells

Cited by 506 publications

References 51 publications

Mitotic Functions for SNAP45, a Subunit of the Small Nuclear RNA-activating Protein Complex SNAPc

Mitotic Functions for SNAP45, a Subunit of the Small Nuclear RNA-activating Protein Complex SNAPc

Transcriptional homogenization of rDNA repeats in the episome-based nucleolus induces genome-wide changes in the chromosomal distribution of condensin

Microarray coupled to quantitative RT–PCR analysis of androgen-regulated genes in human LNCaP prostate cancer cells

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