Differential connectivity within the Parahippocampal Place Area

Baldassano, Christopher; Beck, Diane M.; Li, Feifei

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.02.073

Cited by 150 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Note that our hypothesis of two distinct systems for human scene processing – a categorization system including PPA, and a navigation system including RSC and OPA – does not mean that the two systems cannot and do not interact. Indeed, two recent studies found functional correlations between the RSC and anterior portions of the PPA, and between the OPA and posterior PPA (Baldassano et al 2013; Nasr et al 2013), suggesting these two regions are functionally (and most likely anatomically) connected, thereby facilitating crosstalk between the two systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived egocentric distance sensitivity and invariance across scene-selective cortex

Persichetti

Dilks

2016

Cortex

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Behavioral studies in many species and studies in robotics have demonstrated two sources of information critical for visually-guided navigation: sense (left-right) information and egocentric distance (proximal-distal) information. A recent fMRI study found sensitivity to sense information in two scene-selective cortical regions, the retrosplenial complex (RSC) and the occipital place area (OPA), consistent with hypotheses that these regions play a role in human navigation. Surprisingly, however, another scene-selective region, the parahippocampal place area (PPA), was not sensitive to sense information, challenging hypotheses that this region is directly involved in navigation. Here we examined how these regions encode egocentric distance information (e.g., a house seen from close up versus far away), another type of information crucial for navigation. Using fMRI adaptation and a regions-of-interest analysis approach in human adults, we found sensitivity to egocentric distance information in RSC and OPA, while PPA was not sensitive to such information. These findings further support that RSC and OPA are directly involved in navigation, while PPA is not, consistent with the hypothesis that scenes may be processed by distinct systems guiding navigation and recognition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived egocentric distance sensitivity and invariance across scene-selective cortex

Persichetti

Dilks

2016

Cortex

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“…It seems reasonable that an additional representation in ventral pathway might serve to bring scene information into close interaction with object information, to enhance understanding of objects in environmental contexts. There is human fMRI evidence that scene and object information are brought together in the lateral occipital complex [22], a likely homologue for macaque higher-level ventral pathway, as well as in PPA and RS [23–27]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Representation of Gravity-Aligned Scene Structure in Ventral Pathway Visual Cortex

Vaziri

Connor

2016

Current Biology

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Summary The ventral visual pathway in humans and non-human primates is known to represent object information, including shape and identity [1]. Here, we show the ventral pathway also represents scene structure aligned with the gravitational reference frame in which objects move and interact. We analyzed shape tuning of recently described macaque monkey ventral pathway neurons that prefer scene-like stimuli to objects [2]. Individual neurons did not respond to a single shape class but to a variety of scene elements that are typically aligned with gravity: large planes in the orientation range of ground surfaces under natural viewing conditions, planes in the orientation range of ceilings, extended convex and concave edges in the orientation range of wall/floor/ceiling junctions. For a given neuron, these elements tended to share a common alignment in eye-centered coordinates. Thus, each neuron integrated information about multiple gravity-aligned structures as they would be seen from a specific eye/head orientation. This eclectic coding strategy provides only ambiguous information about individual structures, but explicit information about the environmental reference frame and the orientation of gravity in egocentric coordinates. In the ventral pathway, this could support perceiving and/or predicting physical events involving objects subject to gravity, recognizing object attributes like animacy based on movement not caused by gravity, and/or stabilizing perception of the world against changes in head orientation [3, 4, 5]. Our results, like the recent discovery of object weight representation [6], imply the ventral pathway is involved not just in recognition but also in physical understanding of objects and scenes.

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“…For instance, both task-based (Pessoa et al 2006; Almeida et al 2013; Mahon et al 2013; Garcea & Mahon 2014) and resting functional connectivity (Zhang et al, 2009; Turk-Browne et al, 2010; Zhu et al, 2011; Simmons & Martin, 2012; Baldassano et al, 2013; He et al, 2013; Hutchison et al, 2014; O’Neil et al, 2014; Stevens, et al, 2015; Wang et al, 2015), as well as structural connectivity (Saygin et al, 2011; 2016; Mars et al, 2012; Bouhali et al, 2014; Osher et al, 2015), suggest alignment between stimulus preferences and connectivity to regions outside the ventral stream (for discussion of a connectivity-constrained account of category specificity, see Riesenhuber 2007; Martin, 2006; 2009; Mahon & Caramazza 2011; Chen & Rogers 2014; Behrmann & Plaut 2013; Mahon et al, 2007; 2009; Mahon, 2015). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connectivity-based constraints on category-specificity in the ventral object processing pathway

et al. 2017

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Recent efforts to characterize visual object representations in the ventral object processing pathway in the human brain have led to contrasting proposals about the causes of neural specificity for different categories. Here we use multivariate techniques in a novel way to relate patterns of functional connectivity to patterns of stimulus preferences. Stimulus preferences were measured throughout the ventral stream to tools, animals, faces and places; separately, we measured the strength of functional connectivity of each voxel in the ventral stream to category-preferring regions outside the ventral stream. Multivariate analyses were then performed over ventral stream voxels, relating ‘category-preferences’ to ‘functional connectivity preferences’. We show that the relation of those two measures doubly dissociates ‘tools’ and ‘places’, within what is ostensibly ‘place’ selective cortex (parahippocampal gyrus). Specifically, in the parahippocampal gyrus, functional connectivity to the left inferior parietal lobule is selectively related to stimulus preferences for tools (and not places), while functional connectivity to retrosplenial cortex is selectively related to place preferences (and not tools preferences). These findings indicate that functional connectivity can be used to index representational content rather than just provide an understanding of ‘which regions are talking to which regions’. We suggest that the connectivity of the brain is what drives category-specificity in the ventral stream, and that if this is correct, then understanding the connectivity of the ventral stream will be key to understanding the causes and function of category-specific neural organization.

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Differential connectivity within the Parahippocampal Place Area

Cited by 150 publications

References 58 publications

Perceived egocentric distance sensitivity and invariance across scene-selective cortex

Perceived egocentric distance sensitivity and invariance across scene-selective cortex

Representation of Gravity-Aligned Scene Structure in Ventral Pathway Visual Cortex

Connectivity-based constraints on category-specificity in the ventral object processing pathway

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