Differential composition of gut microbiota among healthy volunteers, morbidly obese patients and post‑bariatric surgery patients

Abstract

The modulation of the gut microbiota was recently deemed one of the mechanisms responsible for the excellent outcomes of bariatric surgery. However, to date, only few studies have assessed this, and they have high heterogeneity. In the present study, next-generation 16S ribosomal DNA amplicon sequencing was used to characterize the gut microbiota of healthy volunteers, as well as patients prior to and after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Significant differences in α diversity, β diversity and species were identified between the different groups/time-points. The results demonstrated excellent outcomes of SG and RYGB. The β diversity was lower in healthy volunteers compared with that in morbidly obese patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus. At 3 months after SG, the α diversity was increased and the β diversity was decreased. The abundance of certain species changed significantly after SG and RYGB. It was also revealed that the abundance of certain microbes was significantly correlated with the body mass index, fasting blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin. It may be concluded that bariatric surgery may cause obvious alterations in the gut microbiota and compared with healthy volunteers and obese patients without bariatric surgery, the microbiota composition of post-bariatric surgery has unique characteristics. However, studies with a larger cohort and longer follow-up may be required to confirm these results.

Gut Microbiota, Probiotics and Psychological States and Behaviors after Bariatric Surgery—A Systematic Review of Their Interrelation

“…Out of the 59 studies, 36 studies applied a pre-post design (baseline measurements provided) (Group 1: n = 23 [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ]; Group 2: n = 10 [ 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 ]; Group 3: n = 4 [ 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 ]). Sixteen studies used a cross-sectional design (Group 1: n = 6 [ 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 ]; Group 2: n = 10 [ 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 ,…”

“…Changes in GI microbiota was the primary outcome for 24 studies in Group 1 [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 59 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 94 ] and 12 studies in Group 2 [ 61 , 62 , 64 , 65 , 68 , 82 , 85 , 86 , 88 , 90 , 92 , 95 ]. For the remaining studies, primary outcomes surrounding clinical, anthropometric and metabolic parameters were reported (Group 1: n = 5 [ 43 , 46 , 50 , 58 , 74 ]; Group 2: n = 13 [ 60 , 63 , 66 , 67 , 69 , 80 , 81 , 83 , …”

Gut Microbiota Profiles of Treated Metabolic Syndrome Patients and their Relationship with Metabolic Health

“…2) similar to the previously published result of human enterotypes by Arumugam et al 24 . The differential abundance analysis results show that enterotype 1 group is enriched with Ruminococcaceae, a genus that has been linked to the reduction of BMI 34 . On the other hand, enterotype 2 group was enriched with genus Prevotella 9.…”

Obesity-Related Epigenetic Changes After Bariatric Surgery

“…Other issue that should be considered regarding to the association between the bariatric surgery effect on epigenetic mechanisms is that mediated by the microbiota composition. Bariatric surgery is able to modify the composition of microbiota and part of the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery could be mediated by the composition of microbiota after the surgical intervention and the changes correlate with changes in body composition and glucose homeostasis parameters (111). Importantly, the metabolites derived from microbiota can induce changes in DNA methylation and expression of non-coding-RNA.…”