Differential characteristics of HIV-infected penitentiary patients and HIV-infected community patients

Pérez‐Molina, José A.; Fernández-González, Francisco; Hernangómez, Susana; Gonzalez, Charles J.; Miralles, Pilar; Quirós, Juan Carlos López-Bernaldo de; Bouza, Emilio

doi:10.1310/jr7t-gr41-0wly-nufd

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Wolfe et al (31) and Perez-Molina et al (32) pointed out the spread of HIV to this floating population, bringing their diseases with them from one prison to another when they are transferred.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The vulnerability of Brazilian female prisoners to HIV infection

Strazza

Azevedo

Carvalho

et al. 2004

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The purpose of the present study was to determine the vulnerability of women in prison to HIV infection. The study was carried out from August to October 2000 in a São Paulo State Penitentiary, where 299 female prisoners were serving time. We interviewed and obtained a blood sample from 290 females who agreed to enter the study. Sera were tested for the presence of antibodies to HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis and the odds ratio (OR) was calculated for variables related to HIV positivity on the basis of a questionnaire. The overall prevalence data were: 13.9% for HIV (37 of 267), 22.8% for syphilis (66 of 290), and 16.2% for HCV (47 of 290). Sexual partnership variables were significantly related to HIV infection. These included HIV-positive partners (OR = 7.36, P = 0.0001), casual partners (OR = 8.96, P = 0.009), injectable drug user partners (OR = 4.7, P = 0.0001), and history of sexually transmitted disease (OR = 2.07, P = 0.05). In addition, a relationship was detected between HIV infection and drug use (OR = 2.48, P = 0.04) and injectable drug use (OR = 4.2, P = 0.002). Even women with only one partner presented a significant OR for HIV infection (OR = 2.57, P = 0.009), reflecting their vulnerability due to their trust in their partner, who did not use a condom. Although the use of injectable substances is associated with HIV infection, our results point to sexual behavior as the most important component of HIV transmission in the female prisoner population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The vulnerability of Brazilian female prisoners to HIV infection

Strazza

Azevedo

Carvalho

et al. 2004

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…Thirty (71%) of the studies were from high-income countries; USA (18), Canada (5) and Europe (7) while the remaining twelve (29%) were from low-and middle-income countries; Asia (5), sub-Saharan Africa (5) and Latin America (2). 41% (17) of the studies were cross-sectional [5,11,16,23,25,26,[45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55], 38% (16) cohort (14 retrospective and 2 prospective) [4,9,15,17,[19][20][21][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] and 19% (8) qualitative [12-14, 28, 65-68] in study design. One study employed mixed methods [22].…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the 42 articles, 39 were related to incarceration and HIV care, and the remaining three were specific to jail incarceration [46,48,57]. Twenty-nine studies investigated HIV care during incarceration [5, 9, 11-15, 19, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28, 45-48, 50-55, 62, 64-68] and seven investigated the impact of history of incarceration and/or the number of incarcerations [16,17,20,21,49,57,63]. Six studies compared HIV care utilization between incarceration trajectories [4,56,[58][59][60][61]; three before and after incarceration [4,56,58] and three between incarcerated and re-incarcerated people [59][60][61] PLOS ONE…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review and meta-analyses on initiation, adherence and outcomes of antiretroviral therapy in incarcerated people

2020

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Background Incarcerated people are at increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection relative to the general population. Despite a high burden of infection, HIV care use among prison populations is often suboptimal and varies among settings, and little evidence exists explaining the discrepancy. Therefore, this review assessed barriers to optimal use of HIV care cascade in incarcerated people. Methods Quantitative and qualitative studies investigating factors affecting linkage to care, ART (antiretroviral therapy) initiation, adherence and/or outcomes among inmates were systematically searched across seven databases. Studies published in English language and indexed up to 26 October 2018 were reviewed. We performed a narrative review for both quantitative and qualitative studies, and meta-analyses on selected quantitative studies. All retrieved quantitative studies were assessed for risk of bias. Meta-analyses were conducted using RevMan-5 software and pooled odds ratios were calculated using Mantel-Haenszel statistics with 95% confidence interval at a p<0.05. The review protocol has been published at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; Number: CRD42019135502). Results Of forty-two studies included in the narrative review, eight were qualitative studies. Sixteen of the quantitative studies were eligible for meta-analyses. The narrative synthesis revealed structural factors such as: a lack of access to community standard of HIV care, particularly in resource limited countries; loss of privacy; and history of incarceration and re-incarceration as risk factors for poor HIV care use in prison populations. Among social and personal characteristics, lack of social support, stigma, discrimination, substance use, having limited knowledge about, and negative perception towards ART were the main determinants of suboptimal use of care in incarcerated people. In the meta-analyses, lower odds of ART initiation was noticed among inmates with higher baseline CD4 count (CD4 �500celss/mm 3)

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“…7 This large population is affected by various health problems, the most frequent being those of parenteral transmission [hepatitis C virus (HCV) and mainly HIV], as well as tuberculosis, psychiatric illnesses, and drug abuse. 8 Spanish prisons have the highest prevalence of HIV infection in Europe; approximately 20% of current inmates are HIV ϩ , and 4% have been diagnosed with AIDS. 9 On the other hand, in Spain the worsening state of health in inmates with HIV can speed up their release (Article 196.2 of penitentiary regulations), which increases the probabilities of abandonment or noncompliance, with the subsequent risk of therapy failure, as well as the possible transmission of strains resistant to the population and the inadequate use of health resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to Antiretroviral Treatment in Prisons

Blanco

Ruiz-Pérez²,

Lima³

et al. 2005

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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The effectiveness of antiretroviral drugs is closely linked to the degree of adherence. The prison environment has specific characteristics that may affect adherence in HIV-positive patients, so that it may not be possible to extrapolate factors associated with nonadherence in HIV+ patients outside prison. The objective was to analyze the prevalence of nonadherence to antiretroviral treatment in three Spanish prisons, and to examine the relation between a large group of factors and nonadherence to the medication. A cross-sectional study of all patients receiving antiretroviral treatment was done. Adherence was evaluated using a validated questionnaire (SMAQ). The prevalence of nonadherence was 54.8%, and the factors independently associated with nonadherence were having difficulties in taking the medication, feeling completely or largely unable to follow the medication, classifying the food as "bad", mentioning not having anyone concerned for them outside prison, suffering anxiety or depression in the last week, and having the flexibility of the prison staff opening their cell in the event of them forgetting their medication.

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Differential characteristics of HIV-infected penitentiary patients and HIV-infected community patients

Abstract: HIV infection is still a serious medical problem in CF. Although imprisonment can provide access to health programs, HIV-infected prison patients suffer more frequently from tuberculosis and take less antiretroviral treatment.

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

The vulnerability of Brazilian female prisoners to HIV infection

The vulnerability of Brazilian female prisoners to HIV infection

A systematic review and meta-analyses on initiation, adherence and outcomes of antiretroviral therapy in incarcerated people

Adherence to Antiretroviral Treatment in Prisons

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