Differential Changes of Left Ventricular Myocardial Deformation in Diabetic Patients with Controlled and Uncontrolled Blood Glucose: A Three-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography–Based Study

Subclinical impairment of left ventricular function in diabetic patients with or without obesity

“…Additionally, E/E' was negatively correlated with GCS. Hence we could see that the level of glycemic control was closely related to LV systolic function in the diabetic patients, which further confirmed previous studies [18,22,23]. One proposed pathophysiological mechanism is that the long-term toxicity of high glycemia could increase the deposition of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in myocardial cells and bring more cross-links between collagen and elastin, causing lower flexibility but greater stiffness in the myocardium [24].…”

“…In addition, the anatomical features of coronary arteries also made the endocardium more vulnerable to ischemia and hypoxia [16,17]. Thus, longitudinal function would be impaired earlier and more severely in a variety of diseases, including diabetes [10,18]. The literature reports that myocardiTab.…”

“…The literature reports that myocardiTab. 3 A comparison of 3D-EF parameters between the control group and type 2 diabetes mellitus groups al contractility was only patently damaged in the long-axis direction, but protected in other directions in diabetic patients with good glycemic control, while the systolic strains in all directions decreased significantly in those with uncontrolled blood glucose [18]. Although the patients enrolled in this study were treated with anti-diabetic drugs, the blood glucose level of most patients was not tightly controlled yet (HbA1c ≥7%).…”

Left and right atrial phasic function and deformation in untreated patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…The advantage of strain analysis in diabetic patients has been used in several studies for evaluation of the left ventricular deformation [3][4][5], however, the current knowledge regarding atrial phasic function and mechanics in type 2 diabetes is insufficient. The available data indicate the impairment of left atrial (LA) function in diabetic patients [6][7][8][9][10], whereas information about right atrial (RA) function in this population is still missing.…”

Does Pulmonary Involvement Play a Role in Right Ventricular Dysfunction of Patients with Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies?

“…In addition to patients with ILD, subclinical cardiac dysfunction has been detected in populations with diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension 4,5,6 , and these traditional CV risk factors are more prevalent in patients with IIM than in the general population 7 , so we cannot deny that reduced myocardial strain in patients with IIM is the interaction between comorbidities and inflammation/fibrosis in the myocardium, due to the disease per se. But speckle echocardiography still remains as the most effective screening method for cardiac dysfunction.…”