Differential changes in gene expression in rainbow trout hepatocytes exposed to extracts of oil sands process-affected water and the Athabasca River

Gagné, François; Douville, Mélanie; André, C.; Debenest, Timothée; Talbot, A.; Sherry, James; Hewitt, L. Mark; Frank, Richard A.; McMaster, Mark E.; Parrott, Joanne L.; Bickerton, Greg

doi:10.1016/j.cbpc.2012.01.004

Cited by 37 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Commercial NA mixtures led to increased CYP3A4 gene expression in trout hepatocytes but had no effect on GST gene expression. Increased CYP3A4gene expression, indicative of phase 1 biotransformation of cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons, was proposed a specific gene marker for OSPW compared to surface waters [12]. No induction inCYP3A4 transcripts in hepatocytes exposed to surface waters, except a small increase (1.3 fold) for the water sample taken at the confluence of Ells River, was detected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first evidence of endocrine disruption based on the Vitellogenin (VTG) pathway was reported by Gagné, at al. [12]. VTG gene expression was induced in trout hepatocytes exposed to surface waters located upstream and downstream from the OS development area as well as to OSPW.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total RNA levels were extracted using commercial extraction kits, as described previously [12]. RNA concentrations (260 nm) and purity (260 nm/ 280 nm ratio < 1.8) were estimated with the NanoDrop 1000 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, ON, Canada).…”

Section: Preparation and Exposure Of Rainbow Trout Hepatocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative toxicity of selected naphthenic acids, oil sands processed water and surface waters in rainbow trout hepatocytes: A gene expression study

Gagné¹,

André²,

Turcotte³

et al. 2016

SOJB

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Open Access Research articledeposits and is considered one of the world's largest oil reserves with an estimated yield of 27 billion cubic meters of crude oil [1]. OS consist of about 10% bitumen and 5% water, with the remainder being sand and clay. The extraction process involves adding hot caustic water to OS under aeration to separate bitumen from the OS (Clark extraction process). The crude oil fraction, which partitions at the surface, is then further extracted with the addition of solvents (naphtha, toluene) to yield a more concentrated non-polar fraction. The remaining water and sediment deposits constitute the OSPW, which is released into large tailing ponds covering many square kilometers. Numerous contaminants are found in OSPW, including a number of alkaliextractable compounds such as Naphthenic Acids (NAs), polyaromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons and various inorganic elements such as sodium, vanadium, strontium, calcium, nickel and sulfates [2][3][4].Recent evidence has shown that OS mining activity was associated with increased releases of dissolved PAHs and heavy metals, which raised concerns about the ecotoxicological consequences of these activities [5][6]. NAs are cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons that can reach concentrations as high as 50 mg/ L in tailing ponds [7]. NAs follow the C n H 2n-z O x rule which comprise at least one carboxylic acid and they are suspected to be a major component of OSPW toxicity. However, the presence of NAs has been observed in runoff waters (leachates) from OS storage sites, indicating that OSPW is not the only source of NA in the environment [8]. This highlights the difficulty of identifying specific markers of OSPW in the environment at low levels, although the highest concentrations of NAs are found in OSPW.The toxicity of OSPW to aquatic organisms has received increasing attention over the last decade. Toxicity has been examined at various levels, including endocrine disruption, DNA damage, immune competence, biotransformation and reproduction. Goldfish exposed to OSPW for 12 weeks showed elevated expression of pro inflammatorygenes such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor 2 in the spleen and kidneys [9]. This AbstractThis study examined the cytotoxic properties of selected naphthenic Acids (NA), commercial mixtures of NA in rainbow trout hepatocytes and compares the responses with Oil Sand Processed Water (OSPW) and river water extracts. Hepatocytes were exposed to increasing concentrations of selected NAs (z = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10), 2 commercial mixtures of NA, 2 OSPW, and surface waters upstream and downstream from the Athabasca River at an OS development area (Alberta, Canada) for 48 h at 15°C. Cell viability, total RNA levels and the expression of 15 gene transcripts involved in biotransformation (CYP1A1, CYP3A4, GST and MDR), oxidative stress (SOD, CAT, GST), DNA damage/repair (UNG, APEX, LIG, GADD45, OGG), estrogenicity (VTG and ER2), cell growth (PCNA, GADD45), and glycolysis (GAPDH) were determined. Individual NAs induced the expression most of t...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative toxicity of selected naphthenic acids, oil sands processed water and surface waters in rainbow trout hepatocytes: A gene expression study

Gagné¹,

André²,

Turcotte³

et al. 2016

SOJB

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“…For example, WOE studies can include toxicity testing on whole organisms, multiple biomarker measurements, and chemistry on water, sediment and tissue, as well as ecological parameters. 25 With continuing development in ecotoxicological research that led to increasing numbers of biomarkers, they have often been grouped into different categories based on the type of ecotoxicity information that they engender (Table 1) 21,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] . Of notable interest are biomarkers that can intimate exposure to a specific class of chemicals.…”

Section: Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this category, for example, we find MT, P4501A and P4503A, responses of which are respectively linked to heavy metal, polycyclic aromatic compounds and drugs and/or naphthenic acids. 21,22,[26][27][28][29] Moreover, biomarkers which can relate to population effects on biota are especially important because of the environmental relevance that they can infer toward specific sources of contamination. Examples include biomarkers such as phagocytosis capacity and vitellogenin induction, both of which have been shown respectively tied to immune-suppressive and reproductive perturbations in bivalves.…”

Section: Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquatic ecotoxicology: what has been accomplished and what lies ahead? An Eastern Canada historical perspective

Blaise

Gagné

2013

J Xenobiotics

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Our recent history shows that degradation of aquatic ecosystems essentially stems from industrialization, urbanization and increasing human populations. After a first industrial boom in the late 19 th century, contamination pressures on receiving waters now appear to be continual because of expanding economies and technologies developing at the planetary scale. Given the diversity of issues, problems and challenges facing water quality today because of complex waste and chemical discharges into waterways, aquatic ecotoxicology has blossomed with time into a more mature discipline of the environmental sciences. Its two fundamental pillars, bioassays and biomarkers, have become essential tools that allow the determination of numerous and versatile effects measurements. Herein, we demonstrate some of the ways in which these tools have been applied and how they have evolved over the past decades to appraise the ecotoxicity of contaminants impacting aquatic systems. Examples discussed are largely reflective of work conducted in the Environment Canada (EC) laboratories (SaintLawrence Centre, Montréal, Canada). Success stories include improvement of industrial effluent quality contributing to beluga whale population recovery in the Saint-Lawrence River, biomarker field studies conducted with endemic and caged bivalves to more fully comprehend urban effluent adverse effects, and increased discernment on the hazard potential posed by emerging classes of chemicals. Ecotoxicology continues to be confronted with diverse issues and needs related to a myriad of chemical contaminants released to aquatic environments worldwide. To cope with these, ecotoxicology will have to bank on new tools (e.g., toxicogenomics, bio-informatics, modeling) and become more interdisciplinary by taking into account knowledge provided by other disciplines (e.g., ecology, chemistry, climatology, microbiology) in order to more fully understand and adequately interpret hazard. This will be paramount to supply regulators and legislators with the sound and scientifically valid information needed in order to mitigate environmental degradation.

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Overview of Existing Science to Inform Oil Sands Process Water Release: A Technical Workshop Summary

Tanna¹,

Redman

Frank

et al. 2019

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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The extraction of oil sands from mining operations in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region uses an alkaline hot water extraction process. The oil sands process water (OSPW) is recycled to facilitate material transport (e.g., ore and tailings), process cooling, and is also reused in the extraction process. The industry has expanded since commercial mining began in 1967 and companies have been accumulating increasing inventories of OSPW. Short‐ and long‐term sustainable water management practices require the ability to return treated water to the environment. The safe release of OSPW needs to be based on sound science and engineering practices to ensure downstream protection of ecological and human health. A significant body of research has contributed to the understanding of the chemistry and toxicity of OSPW. A multistakeholder science workshop was held in September 2017 to summarize the state of science on the toxicity and chemistry of OSPW. The goal of the workshop was to review completed research in the areas of toxicology, chemical analysis, and monitoring to support the release of treated oil sands water. A key outcome from the workshop was identifying research needs to inform future water management practices required to support OSPW return. Another key outcome of the workshop was the recognition that methods are sufficiently developed to characterize chemical and toxicological characteristics of OSPW to address and close knowledge gaps. Industry, government, and local indigenous stakeholders have proceeded to utilize these insights in reviewing policy and regulations. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:519–527. © 2019 SETAC

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Differential changes in gene expression in rainbow trout hepatocytes exposed to extracts of oil sands process-affected water and the Athabasca River

Cited by 37 publications

References 41 publications

Comparative toxicity of selected naphthenic acids, oil sands processed water and surface waters in rainbow trout hepatocytes: A gene expression study

Comparative toxicity of selected naphthenic acids, oil sands processed water and surface waters in rainbow trout hepatocytes: A gene expression study

Aquatic ecotoxicology: what has been accomplished and what lies ahead? An Eastern Canada historical perspective

Overview of Existing Science to Inform Oil Sands Process Water Release: A Technical Workshop Summary

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