Differential Cell Lysis Among Periodontal Strains of JP2 and Non-JP2 Genotype of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Serotype B Is Not Reflected in Dissimilar Expression and Production of Leukotoxin

Jensen, Andreas Tue Ingemann; Lund, Marianne; Nørskov‐Lauritsen, Niels; Johansson, Anders; Claesson, Rolf; Reinholdt, Jesper; Haubek, Dorte

doi:10.3390/pathogens8040211

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…There is no golden standard available for quantification of LtxA production in different strains from this bacterium. Jensen and co-workers [ 11 ] applied three different methods for analyses of LtxA production in a collection of serotype b isolates. The results showed that that the JP2 genotype of A. actinomycetemcomitans had an enhanced LtxA production, even though there was a substantial variation between the examined isolates.…”

Section: Host–parasite Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial Comments to the Special Issue: “Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans—Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogen”

2020

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Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a periodontal pathogen colonizing the oral cavity in many individuals of the human population. It is equipped with several potent virulence factors that can cause cell death and induce or evade the host inflammatory response. Both harmless and highly virulent genotypes of the bacterium have emerged because of the large genetic diversity within the species. The oral condition and age, as well as the geographic origin of the individual, influence the risk to be colonized by a virulent genotype of the bacterium. In the present editorial, the different genetic and virulence properties of A. actinomycetemcomitans will be addressed in relation to the publications in this Special Issue.

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Section: Host–parasite Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial Comments to the Special Issue: “Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans—Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogen”

2020

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“…The obviously very high toxicity may contribute to the infection of a person with no genetic predisposition. Here, it has to be pointed out that leukotoxicity may be different depending on the test method that was used [38]. Variation of leukotoxicity was not only observed among JP2-and non-JP2 genotype of A. actinomycetemcomitans, but also among the methods of Western blotting, ELISA, cell lysis assay, and mRNA expression assay [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

JP2 Genotype of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in Caucasian Patients: A Presentation of Two Cases

2020

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Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a key pathogen that has been associated with periodontal disease. Its most important virulence factor is a leukotoxin capable of inactivating immune cells. The JP2 genotype of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans shows enhanced leukotoxic activity and is mostly present in individuals of North and West African origin with severe periodontitis. In this paper, two cases of Caucasians diagnosed with the JP2 genotype are presented. A 50-year-old female patient had three approximal sites with ≥ 6 mm clinical attachment loss (CAL) and eight sites with probing depth (PD) ≥ 5 mm. Microbiological diagnostics revealed A. actinomycetemcomitans JP2 genotype, but not Porphyromonas gingivalis. This JP2 genotype was highly leukotoxic to monocytic cells. The second case was a 55-year-old female patient with CAL of > 5 mm at all molars and PD of up to 12 mm. A. actinomycetemcomitans JP2 was identified, but not P. gingivalis. Her husband originated from North-Africa. In him, no A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected, but their 17-year-old daughter was diagnosed with periodontitis and was found to be positive for the JP2 genotype. Both patients were successfully treated with adjunctive antibiotics and the JP2 genotype was eliminated. In summary, here, the microbiological diagnosis was key for the treatment with adjunctive antibiotics.

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“…For studying LtxA expression, various methods have been used over several decades [ 11 , 22 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. In the present study, methods based on both leukotoxicity and on assessment of the leukotoxin protein levels (checkerboard) revealed similar results, that is, the leukotoxin expression was significantly higher for the JP2 genotype strain, HK1651, the 640-bp deletion type (456-13U) and the 230-bp deletion type (046-19U) as compared to strains Y4, S23A and 575G.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Serotype b Strains with Five Different, Including Two Novel, Leukotoxin Promoter Structures

et al. 2020

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The JP2 genotype of A. actinomycetemcomitans, serotype b has attracted much interest during the past three decades due to its close association with periodontitis in young individuals and the enhanced expression of a leukotoxin (LtxA). A typical feature of this genotype is a 530-base pair (bp) deletion in the ltxCABD promoter region controlling leukotoxin expression. In the present work, we have characterized serotype b strains with four additional promoter types. Two novel types have been recognized, that is, one with a 230-bp deletion and one with a 172-bp duplication. Moreover, a strain with a 640-bp deletion and three strains with a full-length promoter, including the type strain Y4, were included in the present study. The seven strains were characterized by multi locus sequence typing (MLST) and arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and assessed for LtxA production. MLST showed that the strains with the non-JP2-like deletions represented distinct monophyletic groups, whereas the JP2 strain, HK1651, represented a separate branch. LtxA production was high in all three strains with a promoter deletion, whereas the other four strains showed significantly lower levels. It can be concluded that the genetic characterization and determination of LtxA production of A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates from individuals with periodontitis can contribute to the identification of novel virulent genotypes of this bacterium.

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Differential Cell Lysis Among Periodontal Strains of JP2 and Non-JP2 Genotype of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Serotype B Is Not Reflected in Dissimilar Expression and Production of Leukotoxin

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Editorial Comments to the Special Issue: “Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans—Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogen”

Editorial Comments to the Special Issue: “Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans—Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogen”

JP2 Genotype of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in Caucasian Patients: A Presentation of Two Cases

Characterization of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Serotype b Strains with Five Different, Including Two Novel, Leukotoxin Promoter Structures

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