Differential cell counts in canine cytocentrifuged bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: a study on reliable enumeration of each cell type

Lorenzi, Davide De; Masserdotti, Carlo; Bertoncello, Diana; Tranquillo, Vito

doi:10.1111/j.1939-165x.2009.00160.x

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…None of the dogs had BAL fluid submitted for viral screening or assessment of novel pathogens that might have contributed to lymphocytosis. Our clinical pathology laboratory routinely performs differential cytology on a count of 200 cells; however, 1 study indicated that this methodology does not provide reproducible results between observers for lymphocyte identification . Finally, we elected to include all cases that had at least 1 BAL site with >20% lymphocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid lymphocytosis in 104 dogs (2006‐2016)

Johnson

Vernau

2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cytology and culture are used to characterize respiratory diseases in dogs. Little is known about disorders associated with increased numbers of lymphocytes in BAL fluid. Objective To evaluate duration of clinical signs and detection of specific respiratory diagnoses in dogs with BAL lymphocytosis. Animals One‐hundred four client‐owned dogs evaluated for respiratory signs. Methods Medical records of dogs that had >300 cells/μL and >20% lymphocytes on a differential cell count of BAL fluid between January 1, 2006, and January 1, 2016, were reviewed retrospectively. Cases were evaluated for the duration of clinical signs and respiratory diagnoses, including aspiration injury, infectious or inflammatory respiratory disease, and airway collapse. Results Dogs ranged in age from 0.5 to 16 years (median, 7.9 years) and had a median body weight of 11.4 kg (range, 2.0‐42.7 kg). Eosinophilic lung disease was documented in 13 of 104 dogs (Group 1) and airway neutrophilia associated with infectious or inflammatory disease was found in 59 of 104 dogs (Group 2). Lymphocytosis alone in BAL fluid was described in 32 dogs (Group 3). Duration of cough did not differ among groups, but airway collapse was significantly more common in dogs with solitary lymphocytosis than in those with other types of inflammation. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Lymphocytosis in BAL fluid is common in dogs and, in many cases, likely represents a common response to airway injury, independent of the type or duration of insult. It is unknown whether airway collapse leads to lymphocytosis or if the inflammatory process causes airway collapse.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid lymphocytosis in 104 dogs (2006‐2016)

Johnson

Vernau

2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…In the veterinary literature, no reports describing methods for producing reliable mast cell counts in BAL fluid were found. A recent study determined that a 500‐cell differential ensured adequate reproducibility of cell counts in canine BAL fluid samples, however, mast cells were not included in the differential (presumably due to species differences in cytologic patterns of respiratory disease) . For eosinophils, the same study determined that counting 200 cells was enough to produce adequate reliability, speculating that eosinophils are easily recognized despite being present in relatively low numbers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ICC is reported between 0.0 and 1.0, where the closer to 1.0 the less error is present between raters. As indicated by another study a threshold of > 0.90 reflects high reproducibility and a threshold of > 0.85 reflects adequate reproducibility . For the category of LAI (normal, mild to moderate, or severe), inter‐rater reliability for each method was determined using Cronbach's α, the mean ICC across 3 raters.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methods to perform a reproducible leukocyte differential count in BAL fluid have been minimally evaluated in both human and veterinary medicine . Although the 400‐cell leukocyte differential count is a standard cell counting method for equine BAL samples, this method does not take into account cell density and uneven cell distribution in a cytocentrifuged preparation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reliability of 400‐cell and 5‐field leukocyte differential counts for equine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid

Fernandez

Hecker

Gilroy

et al. 2013

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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“…The accuracy of these counts may be questionable due to increased mucus and lack of standardization of techniques; however, cell counts are crucial following a BAL to establish adequacy of the sample (Hawkins and DeNicola, 1989). Thus, a standard procedure that includes a 500-cell differential has been recommended (De Lorenzi et al, 2009). Recent studies have suggested the use of urea dilution to standardize the cellular and noncellular components of BAL fluid samples for more adequate analysis of nucleated cell counts in epithelial lining fluid (Mills and Litster, 2006).…”

Section: Bronchoalveolar Lavagementioning

confidence: 99%