Differential brain growth in the infant born preterm: Current knowledge and future developments from brain imaging

Counsell, Serena J.; Boardman, James P.

doi:10.1016/j.siny.2005.05.003

Cited by 78 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…[1][2][3] The underlying neuropathology for cognitive disabilities is largely unknown, though it has been suggested that disturbances in the WM maturation play a role. 4,5 In teenagers, the effects of preterm birth are associated with thinning of the CC, widening of the ventricles, reduced volumes of the WM, and microstructural changes in the PLIC and the CC. [6][7][8][9] MR imaging is commonly performed in preterm infants around TEA to detect brain injury.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Fiber Tracking in the Corpus Callosum and Internal Capsule Reveals Microstructural Abnormalities in Preterm Infants at Term-Equivalent Age

Pul

Kooij²,

Vries³

et al. 2011

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Fiber Tracking in the Corpus Callosum and Internal Capsule Reveals Microstructural Abnormalities in Preterm Infants at Term-Equivalent Age

Pul

Kooij²,

Vries³

et al. 2011

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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“…Nonetheless, similar to the persistent high rate of chronic lung disease, this vulnerable population still remains at high risk for brain injury and consequent adverse outcomes, including CP, cognitive disabilities, and epilepsy. 80 Volpe 81 emphasizes that "brain injury and impaired brain development" are "inextricably intertwined." Similar to other investigators, 37,39 he notes that injury at a critical period of rapid development and growth interferes with establishing the intricate microstructural connections throughout the brain (e.g., between basal ganglia and cortex, thalamus and cortex, cerebellum and cortex, pons and cortex, and intracortical).…”

Section: Vulnerability Of the Preterm Brain To Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of importance, disturbed connectivity associated with cognitive impairment increases the risk for inattention and/or hyperactivity, anxiety, and other social and emotional problems. 81,82 Neurodevelopmental disability related to cognition is often categorized with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, a tool used to quantify developmental outcome during the first 3 years of life. 22,30,83 Cognitive delay, as defined by mean Bayley scores and the proportion of subjects scoring below 70, is increased in extremely premature infants.…”

Section: Vulnerability Of the Preterm Brain To Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes for Extremely Premature Infants

Glass

Costarino

Stayer

et al. 2015

Survey of Anesthesiology

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E ReView ARticle duration in weeks, measured from the first day of the last menstrual period and, by convention, gestation is recorded as completed weeks and never rounded up. For example, an infant who is born at 32 weeks and 4 days is defined as being 32 weeks. The definition of the "estimated date of confinement" (EDC), also known as the due date, is 40 weeks added to the first day of the last menstrual period and estimates the day when the infant will be born.5 "Postmenstrual age" (PMA) is the time elapsed between the first day of the last menstrual period and the current day, 5 and PMA also can be calculated as the gestational age plus the time elapsed after birth (chronologic age). PMA is used clinically during the perinatal period beginning after the day of birth. "Postconceptual age" is not synonymous with PMA.5 "Corrected age," also called the adjusted age, describes children up to 3 years of age who were born preterm. "Corrected age" represents the age of the child since the EDC. "Term" birth is classically defined as 37 to 42 weeks. Recently, a National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)-led group proposed subgrouping births between 37 and 39 weeks' gestation as "early term."6 "Preterm birth" is defined as any birth prior to 37 weeks' completed gestation or fewer than 259 days since the first day of the mother's last menstrual period. 2,3,5,6 Preterm birth often is subdivided further based on birth gestational age. "Late preterm" infants are those born 34 to less than 37 weeks' gestation, "moderate preterm" is designated as 32 to less than 34 weeks' gestation, "very preterm" is designated 28 to less than 32 weeks' gestation, and "extremely preterm," which is the primary focus of this discussion, is less than 28 weeks' gestational age 2,3,5,6 (Table 1). Other useful definitions include "small for gestational age" (SGA), defined as weight less than 10th percentile at a given fetal gestational age. "Large for gestational age" (LGA) is defined as weight greater than the 90th percentile for duration of gestation. Infants greater than 4500 g at term birth are LGA. 7 The terms SGA and LGA age do not distinguish among the various ideologies of these conditions. Low birth weight infants can be further classified into very low birth weight, which includes infants less than 1500 g, and extremely low birth weight infants (ELBW), which comprise infants less than 1000 g.A "live birth" is defined as the complete expulsion or extraction of the product of human conception regardless of the duration of pregnancy, and after such expulsion, the infant breathes or shows other evidence of life such as a beating heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definitive movement of voluntary muscles. "Live birth" does not designate whether the umbilical cord has been cut or the placenta remains attached. Heartbeats need to be distinguished from transient cardiac contractions. Respirations need to be distinguished from fleeting respiratory efforts or gasps. "Fetal death" is death of the product of human conce...

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“…15 On the other hand, lesions of the subplate zone which are frequently seen in preterm infants [27][28][29]72 play an essential role in studying cognitive outcome after perinatal hypoxic-ischemic lesions. Modern tractography 17,70,71,73 offers a unique opportunity to study significance of individual cortical connections and their structural reorganization.…”

Section: The Role Of Neuroimagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maturation of Cerebral Connections and Fetal Behavior

Kostović¹,

Judaš²

2008

Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Modern imaging methods enabled systematic studies of fetal behaviour as well as a continuation of that behaviour in prematurely born infants (for a review, see 1-4). The following question represents a great challenge for human developmental neurobiologist: what is the neurobiological basis of various behavioural patterns observed in human fetuses and preterm infants?2 First of all, it is essential to determine whether there is an early spontaneous (nonsensory-driven) activity and to what extent the cerebrum and the cerebral cortex may be involved. In addition, it is necessary to describe for each successive phase, the developmental status of neuronal circuitry and synaptic organization.In this review, we present evidence on the development of cortical connections during different phases of fetal development and evaluate a possible functional significance of cerebral involvement.

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Differential brain growth in the infant born preterm: Current knowledge and future developments from brain imaging

Cited by 78 publications

References 46 publications

Quantitative Fiber Tracking in the Corpus Callosum and Internal Capsule Reveals Microstructural Abnormalities in Preterm Infants at Term-Equivalent Age

Quantitative Fiber Tracking in the Corpus Callosum and Internal Capsule Reveals Microstructural Abnormalities in Preterm Infants at Term-Equivalent Age

Outcomes for Extremely Premature Infants

Maturation of Cerebral Connections and Fetal Behavior

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