Differential blood pressure and heart rate responses to supramedullary brain stimulation in cats

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the cardiovascular responses to electrical stimulation of different supramedullary brain regions. Arterial blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) effects were elicited by electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (LH), mamillary bodies (Mm), substantia nigra (SN), globus pallidus (GP), and the subthalamic nucleus (Sub) in conscious, freely moving cats. Pressor responses were obtained from all of these regions. The higher intensity of stimulation the higher increase in BP and HR was obtained. However, clear-cut differences occurred in the effects both during and after the termination of stimulations. Namely, a continuous increase in BP and HR was obtained from the LH and SN. In contrast, the initial increase in BP and HR was followed by a reduction compared to the peak value of the effects of stimulation in the GP and the Sub. However, the BP and HR never reduced to the pre-stimulaion level during the stimulation. Also the changes following the cessation of stimulation at the different brain loci were dissimilar. The BP and HR either returned gradually to the pre-stimulation level, or long-lasting oscillation occurred. The electrical activity of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and the vagus nerve co-varied with the changes in BP and HR. It is concluded that the supramedullary stimulations produce differential cardiovascular effects, and these effects are modified by the baroreflexes that are activated by the electrically elicited rise in blood pressure.

Mapping the central neurocircuitry that integrates the cardiovascular response to exercise in humans

“…Eldridge et al (1981) demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the subthalamic locomotor region drives both locomotion and the accompanying cardiovascular responses that are usually associated with volitional exercise. Likewise, Angyán & Angyán (2003) observed an increase in both arterial blood pressure and heart rate during electrical stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in conscious, freely moving cats. Taken together with the study by Thornton et al (2002) and the preliminary results of the central command study representing the ‘Goodwin’ model described earlier, it appears that the STN is not only involved in the control of movement per se , but is also an important aspect of the circuitry underpinning the cardiovascular responses to exercise.…”