Differential attentional modulation of cortical responses to S-cone and luminance stimuli

Wang, Jun; Wade, Alex R.

doi:10.1167/11.6.1

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…The fact that the relative activation across area depends on both task, and on the specific cortical area strengthens our claim that we have identified independent sources. While the technique of source imaging combined with high-density EEG and individual head models and retinotopic ROIs is relatively new (Appelbaum, Wade, Vildavski, Pettet, Norcia 2006), several recent studies have shown that it can be used to measure robust effects of both attention and center-surround interactions (Lauritzen et al, 2010; Xiao and Wade, 2010; Wang and Wade, 2011). In addition, recent work from our group has shown that crosstalk between visual area clusters is not a significant source of error in these types of measurement (Lauritzen et al, 2010; Cottereau et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention Selects Informative Neural Populations in Human V1

2012

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In a neural population driven by a simple grating stimulus, different sub-populations are maximally informative about changes to the grating’s orientation and contrast. In theory, observers should attend to the optimal subpopulation when switching between orientation and contrast discrimination tasks. Here we used source-imaged, steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) and visual psychophysics, to determine whether this is the case. Observers fixated centrally while static targets were presented bilaterally along with a cue indicating task type (contrast or orientation modulation detection) and task location (left or right). Changes in neuronal activity were measured by quantifying frequency-tagged responses from flickering ‘reporter’ gratings surrounding the targets. To determine the orientating tuning of attentionally-modulated neurons, we measured responses for three different probe-reporter angles: 0, 20 and 45°. We estimated frequency-tagged cortical activity using a minimum norm inverse procedure combined with realistic MR-derived head models and retinotopically-mapped visual areas. Estimates of neural activity from regions of interest centered on V1 showed that attention to a spatial location clearly increased the amplitude of the neural response in that location. More importantly, the pattern of modulation depended on the task. For orientation discrimination, attentional modulation showed a sharp peak in the population tuned 20° from the target orientation, whereas for contrast discrimination the enhancement was more broadly tuned. Similar tuning functions for orientation and contrast discrimination were obtained from psychophysical adaptation studies. These findings indicate that humans attend selectively to the most informative neural population and that these populations change depending on the nature of the task.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention Selects Informative Neural Populations in Human V1

2012

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“…46-11.57, p's ≤ 0.028;(Di Russo, Spinelli, & Morrone, 2001;Sirawaj Itthipuripat, Garcia, Rungratsameetaweemana, Sprague, & Serences, 2014;Kim, Grabowecky, Paller, Muthu, & Suzuki, 2007;Norcia, Appelbaum, Ales, Cottereau, & Rossion, 2015;W. & J., 1972;Wang & Wade, 2011)). This indicates that increasing target contrast successfully increased the amount of sensory evidence represented in visual cortex.…”

Section: Speed Goals Do Not Modulate Early Sensory Responsesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…SSVEP amplitudes were estimated from data averaged over trials within each contrast and SAT condition at central occipital electrode Oz using a wavelet transform with a Gaussian frequency domain kernel with 2 Hz FWHM (0.8493 Hz SD)(Di Russo et al, 2001;Sirawaj Itthipuripat et al, 2014;Kim et al, 2007;Norcia et al, 2015;W. & J., 1972;Wang & Wade, 2011). The absolute values of these complex coefficients were then taken to obtain SSVEP amplitude measures for each contrast and SAT condition.…”

Section: Eeg Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The speed-accuracy tradeoff reveals flexible access to accumulating sensory evidence during human decision making

Nelli

Itthipuripat

Rungratsameetaweemana

et al. 2018

Preprint

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words)Decisions made about identical perceptual stimuli can be radically different under changing task demands. For example, the need to make a fast decision undermines the accuracy of that decision, a well-documented effect termed the speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT). Models of the SAT are generally based on theories of decision making in which responses are triggered only after sensory evidence accumulation terminates at a set threshold. Within this accumulate-to-bound framework, speed pressure operates by lowering the response threshold, allowing for faster responses at the expense of accumulated sensory evidence. To empirically examine the mechanisms necessary for adaptively adjusting the speed and accuracy of decisions, we used an event-related potential that indexes sensory evidence accumulation in the human brain. Instead of lowering response thresholds, we found that speed pressure adaptively shifts responses to occur close to where the rate of evidence accumulation peaks. Moreover, responses are not triggered automatically by the termination of the accumulation process, as sensory evidence continues to build after speeded decisions. Together these results suggest that response processes adaptively access accumulating sensory evidence depending on task demands and support parallel over serial models of decision making.

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“…are standard and have been described in detail previously . Retinotopic field mapping produced ROI-defined visual cortical areas V1, V2v, V2d, V3v, V3d, V3a, and V4 in each hemisphere (Tootell and Hadjikhani, 2001;Wang and Wade, 2011). ROIs corresponding to the human middle temporal area (hMTϩ) were identified using low-contrast motion stimuli similar to those described by Huk et al (2002).…”

Section: Visual Area Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Magnocellular neurons, which show transient onset and offset response profile, are a likely substrate for generating the second-harmonic response, although they may not generate a robust first harmonic to an on-off stimulus (Kulikowski et al, 1997). It has also been reported that the magnocellular pathway shows a robust modulation due to attention (Di Russo and Spinelli, 1999;Wang and Wade, 2011).…”

Section: Roi-based Analysis Of the Ssvepmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Selectivity of Task-Dependent Attention Varies with Surrounding Context

Kim

Verghese

2012

J. Neurosci.

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Attention is thought to operate by enhancing the target of interest and suppressing the surroundings. We hypothesized that the spatial profile of attention depends on the surround's relationship to the target. Using high-density electroencephalographic measurements, we examined the spatial profile of attention to a grating target surrounded by an annular grating that was either coextensive with the target (unsegmented) or appeared segmented from it due to a gap or phase offset. We directly probed the spread of attention from the central target into the surround by flickering the surround and monitoring frequency-tagged steady-state visual-evoked potentials. Observers were required to detect a contrast increment that occurred only on the target. Successful detection of the increment required selecting the target and suppressing the surround, particularly when the target did not readily segment from the surround. The profile of attention was investigated in five visual regions of interest (ROIs) (V1, V4, V3A, lateral occipital complex, and human middle temporal area), mapped in a separate anatomical magnetic resonance imaging scan. We found that in most ROIs, attention to the target generated smaller responses from the surrounding annulus when it was contiguous compared with when it was clearly segmented. This result shows that the profile of attention depends on task demands and on surrounding context; attention is tightly focused when the target region needs to be isolated but loosely focused when the target region is clearly segmented.

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Differential attentional modulation of cortical responses to S-cone and luminance stimuli

Cited by 34 publications

References 77 publications

Attention Selects Informative Neural Populations in Human V1

Attention Selects Informative Neural Populations in Human V1

The speed-accuracy tradeoff reveals flexible access to accumulating sensory evidence during human decision making

The Selectivity of Task-Dependent Attention Varies with Surrounding Context

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