Differential Adaptation of Descending Motor Tracts in Musicians

Rüber, Theodor; Lindenberg, Robert; Schlaug, Gottfried

doi:10.1093/cercor/bht331

Cited by 56 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Human studies show that the structure of specific white matter tracts are associated with functional recovery after stroke, and can respond to behavioral activity 35, 36. The relationship of white matter tract structure and axonal sprouting has not been determined.…”

Section: Behavioral Activity Shapes Tissue Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is quite possible that a rehabilitation therapy may affect white matter structure and myelination, and not affect axonal terminal fields; or that axonal terminal fields may be affected and not gross structure of the myelin tract; or that both are affected by the same behavioral therapy after stroke. Because both myelinated fiber tracts and axonal terminal fields are sensitive to behavioral modulation,29, 36, 38 both are likely altered to some degree after stroke and through neurorehabilitative therapies. But at present, the role of behavioral activity in modulating white matter structure after stroke has not been determined in animal models and only larger white matter tracts can be studied in humans 39…”

Section: Behavioral Activity Shapes Tissue Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergent properties of neural repair: elemental biology to therapeutic concepts

Carmichael

2016

Annals of Neurology

115

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Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability. The past decade has seen advances in basic science research of neural repair in stroke. The brain forms new connections after stroke, which have a causal role in recovery of function. Brain progenitors, including neuronal and glial progenitors, respond to stroke and initiate a partial formation of new neurons and glial cells. The molecular systems that underlie axonal sprouting, neurogenesis, and gliogenesis after stroke have recently been identified. Importantly, tractable drug targets exist within these molecular systems that might stimulate tissue repair. These basic science advances have taken the field to its first scientific milestone; the elemental principles of neural repair in stroke have been identified. The next stages in this field involve understanding how these elemental principles of recovery interact in the dynamic cellular systems of the repairing brain. Emergent principles arise out of the interaction of the fundamental or elemental principles in a system. In neural repair, the elemental principles of brain reorganization after stroke interact to generate higher order and distinct concepts of regenerative brain niches in cellular repair, neuronal networks in synaptic plasticity, and the distinction of molecular systems of neuroregeneration. Many of these emergent principles directly guide the development of new therapies, such as the necessity for spatial and temporal control in neural repair therapy delivery and the overlap of cancer and neural repair mechanisms. This review discusses the emergent principles of neural repair in stroke as they relate to scientific and therapeutic concepts in this field. Ann Neurol 2016;79:895–906

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Section: Behavioral Activity Shapes Tissue Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Behavioral Activity Shapes Tissue Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergent properties of neural repair: elemental biology to therapeutic concepts

Carmichael

2016

Annals of Neurology

115

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“…These are most striking in the posterior limb of the internal capsule. They have also identified differences between musician groups, with a difference seen between keyboard players and string instrumentalists [34]. Between-group…”

Section: Archivos De Medicina Issn 1698-9465 Journal Of Neurology Andmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Bengtsson et al [33] and Rueber et al [34] have found structural differences in the corticospinal tract between musicians and nonmusicians. These are most striking in the posterior limb of the internal capsule.…”

Section: Archivos De Medicina Issn 1698-9465 Journal Of Neurology Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurologic Music Therapy to Facilitate Recovery from Complications of Neurologic Diseases

Bahrami¹,

Thomas²,

Bahrami³

et al. 2017

J Neurol Neurosci

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Neurologic music therapy (NMT) has fostered recovery from complications in patients suffering from a wide variety of neurologic diseases. Combining music and virtual reality with standard rehabilitation therapies can improve patient compliance and make therapy more enjoyable. Listening to music can reduce epileptiform discharges and enhances brain plasticity. Music produces variations in brain anatomy between musicians and non-musicians. Music therapy is an inexpensive intervention to help post-stroke patients to recover faster and more efficiently if applied soon after the event. There is evidence that incorporating music into a rehabilitation program fosters recovery of hand function, dexterity, spatial movement, cognitive function, mood, coordination, stride length and memory. Learning words as lyrics, melodic intonation therapy and singing can help the aphasic patient to recover faster. NMT therapists are valuable members of the rehabilitation team. NMT has been approved by the World Rehabilitation Federation as an effective evidence based method of treatment.

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Does stroke location predict walk speed response to gait rehabilitation?

Jones

Pomeroy

Wang

et al. 2015

Human Brain Mapping

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ObjectivesRecovery of independent ambulation after stroke is a major goal. However, which rehabilitation regimen best benefits each individual is unknown and decisions are currently made on a subjective basis. Predictors of response to specific therapies would guide the type of therapy most appropriate for each patient. Although lesion topography is a strong predictor of upper limb response, walking involves more distributed functions. Earlier studies that assessed the cortico‐spinal tract (CST) were negative, suggesting other structures may be important. Experimental Design: The relationship between lesion topography and response of walking speed to standard rehabilitation was assessed in 50 adult‐onset patients using both volumetric measurement of CST lesion load and voxel‐based lesion–symptom mapping (VLSM) to assess non‐CST structures. Two functional mobility scales, the functional ambulation category (FAC) and the modified rivermead mobility index (MRMI) were also administered. Performance measures were obtained both at entry into the study (3–42 days post‐stroke) and at the end of a 6‐week course of therapy. Baseline score, age, time since stroke onset and white matter hyperintensities score were included as nuisance covariates in regression models. Principal Observations: CST damage independently predicted response to therapy for FAC and MRMI, but not for walk speed. However, using VLSM the latter was predicted by damage to the putamen, insula, external capsule and neighbouring white matter.ConclusionsWalk speed response to rehabilitation was affected by damage involving the putamen and neighbouring structures but not the CST, while the latter had modest but significant impact on everyday functions of general mobility and gait. Hum Brain Mapp 37:689–703, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Differential Adaptation of Descending Motor Tracts in Musicians

Cited by 56 publications

References 63 publications

Emergent properties of neural repair: elemental biology to therapeutic concepts

Emergent properties of neural repair: elemental biology to therapeutic concepts

Neurologic Music Therapy to Facilitate Recovery from Complications of Neurologic Diseases

Does stroke location predict walk speed response to gait rehabilitation?

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