Differential Activation of Potato 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Genes by Wounding and Pathogen Challenge

Yang, Zhenbiao; Park, Heesung; Lacy, George H.; Cramer, Carole L.

doi:10.2307/3869214

Cited by 28 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…The gal mutants had been shown to be blocked in the conversion of GGPP to ent-kaurene (Figure 2), but until the gene was cloned and functionally expressed in Escherichia coli, it was unknown whether the A activity or the B activity (which catalyzes the conversion of copalyl pyrophosphate to ent-kaurene) was affected (Zeevaart and Talon, 1992). The A n l gene of maize also encodes an ent-kaurene synthase.…”

Section: Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different reductase genes are expressed in different parts of the plant (Chye et al, 1992;Genschik et al, 1992;Enjuto et al, 1994), at different stages of development (Narita and Gruissem, 1989), and in response to various stresses (Yang et al, 1991;Choi et al, 1992;Genschik et al, 1992). In potato tubers, for example, different reductase genes are induced in response to pathogen attack and wounding (Yang et al, 1991;Choi et al, 1992). With the availability of molecular probes, it is now possible to dissect the complex regulation of HMG-COA reductase in plants.…”

Section: Molecular Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Severa1 feedback regulatory mechanisms control transcription of the reductase gene, and its catalytic activity is modulated by both covalent modification and noncovalent interactions (Goldstein and Brown, 1990). In contrast, plants, which produce much more diverse products from the mevalonate pathway in various tissues and organelles, contain multiple, differentially regulated genes for HMG-COA reductase (Narita and Gruissem, 1989;Yang et al, 1991;Choi et al, 1992;Chye et al, 1992; Genschik et al, 1992;Burnett et al, 1993;Enjuto et al, 1994). Different reductase genes are expressed in different parts of the plant (Chye et al, 1992; Genschik et al, 1992;Enjuto et al, 1994), at different stages of development (Narita and Gruissem, 1989), and in response to various stresses (Yang et al, 1991;Choi et al, 1992; Genschik et al, 1992).…”

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Terpenoid metabolism.

1995

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INTRODUCTIONThe terpenoids constitute the largest family of natural products; over 22,000 individual compounds of this class have been described (Connolly and Hill, 1991), and the number of defined structures has doubled every decade since the 1970s (Devon and Scott, 1972;Glasby, 1982). The terpenoids play diverse functional roles in plants as hormones (gibberellins, abscisic acid), photosynthetic pigments (phytol, carotenoids), electron carriers (u biquinone, plastoquinone), mediators of polysaccharide assembly (polyprenyl phosphates), and structural components of membranes (phytosterols). In addition to these universal physiological, metabolic, and structural functions, many specific terpenoid compounds (commonly in the CIO, C15, and C20 families) serve in communication and defense, for example, as attractants for pollinators and seed dispersers, competitive phytoxins, antibiotics, and herbivore repellents and toxins (Harborne, 1991). Terpenoids available in relatively large amounts as essential oils, resins, and waxes are important renewable resources and provide a range of commercially useful products, including solvents, flavorings and fragrances, adhesives, coatings, and synthetic intermediates (Zinkel and Russell, 1989;Dawson, 1994). Members of the terpenoid group also include industrially useful polymers (rubber, chicle) and a number of pharmaceuticals (artemisinin, taxol) and agrochemicals (pyrethrins, azadirachtin).In spite of the economic significance of the terpenoids and their many essential functions, relatively little is known about terpenoid metabolism and its regulation in plants. There are severa1 reasons for this. An overwhelming problem with the terpenoids is their sheer number. A given plant may synthesize (and catabolize) many different terpenoid types (from C5 to C40 and higher) at different times and locations for many different purposes throughout the course of development. Because all terpenoids are produced by a common biosynthetic pathway, sophisticated control mechanisms must exist to ensure the production of appropriate levels of these often structurally complex compounds in the proper metabolic, developmental, and environmental context. Pathway elucidation for highly functionalized terpenoid metabolites is not trivial, and determining the enzymology of terpenoid metabolism has proven very challenging, both because relatively little enzymatic machinery is dedicated to terpenoid metabolism and because many of the reaction types involved (carbonium ion To whom correspondence should be addressed. mechanisms) are unlike those of primary metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Moreover, the genetics (let alone the molecular genetics) of terpenoid metabolism are insufficiently developed to provide generally useful tools for examining control of metabolism at the cell, enzyme, transcript, or DNA levels. Of comparable significance is the paucity of suitable model systems for examining either the induced regulation of multiple terpenoid pathways or the developmental regulation of ...

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Section: Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Terpenoid metabolism.

1995

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“…This pathway produces a tremendous variety of compounds that are essential for plants, such as phytosterols involved in cell structure (Ha et al 2001), phytohormones (Cowan et al 1997), defense and stress response components (Yang et al 1991;Choi et al 1992), and secondary metabolites (Stermer et al 1994;Lichtenthaler et al 1997Lichtenthaler et al , 2003Schaller 2003). Compounds derived from the MVA pathway contribute to the growth of various species of higher plants in diverse environments.…”

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Molecular and genetic characterization of transgenic tomato expressing 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase

Omura

Watanabe

Iijima

et al. 2007

Plant Biotechnology

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Mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway, in parallel with methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, produces precursor metabolites for isoprenoids, and affect fruit development in plants. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) is supposed to be a key enzyme in the MVA pathway. To understand the role of HMGR in fruit development, we previously generated transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) expressing a melon HMGR gene (CmHMGR) and observed increased fruit size in these plants. To further examine this effect, we performed molecular and genetic characterization of the transgenic tomato line in the T 4 generation. The line showed stable expression of CmHMGR mRNA and protein, an effect that could lead to the increase in fruit weight observed, which exceeded 20%. Interestingly, the CmHMGR mRNA was highly expressed during tomato fruit development, whereas expression of the endogenous HMGRs (SlHMGR1, SlHMGR2, and SlHMGR3) was lower than in the wild type, suggesting the presence of a regulatory mechanism at the transcriptional level, as in mammalian systems. A preliminary analysis using cDNA macroarray filters was performed, and genes showing more than 2.5-fold differences in expression between transgenic and wild-type plants were identified. Most of the genes involved in isoprenoid biosynthesis did not show significantly different transcription levels, but 121 annotated genes and 152 genes of unknown function were found to be differentially expressed. These results demonstrate that the transgenic tomato line expressing the HMGR gene is genetically stable and could be used as a comprehensive material to elucidate the roles of HMGRs in tomato fruit development.

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“…[11][12][13][14][15][16] HMGR gene families consisting of two to four members have been reported in many plant species such as Arabidopsis thaliana, 17) tobacco, 18) potato, 13,19,20) the rubber tree ( Hevea brasiliensis ), 21) tomato, 22) cotton, 23) wheat (Triticum aestivum), 24) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). 14) However, there are few reports regarding the mechanism for inducing enzyme activity at the levels of enzyme protein by using speciˆc antibodies against plant HMGR.…”

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