Differential activation of enkephalin, galanin, somatostatin, NPY, and VIP neuropeptide production by stimulators of protein kinases A and C in neuroendocrine chromaffin cells

Hook, Vivian; Toneff, Thomas; Baylon, Sheley; Sei, Catherine A.

doi:10.1016/j.npep.2008.05.001

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Numerous proneuropeptide and prohormone precursors were identified such as proenkephalin, proNPY, chromogranins, and others that undergo proteolytic processing (5, 8–10, 46, 50, 58–63) to generate active neuropeptides that function as neurotransmitters and hormones. These vesicles also contain several neurohumoural factors such as VGF nerve growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor (64–66).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomics of Dense Core Secretory Vesicles Reveal Distinct Protein Categories for Secretion of Neuroeffectors for Cell−Cell Communication

et al. 2010

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Regulated secretion of neurotransmitters and neurohumoural factors from dense core secretory vesicles provides essential neuroeffectors for cell-cell communication in the nervous and endocrine systems. This study provides comprehensive proteomic characterization of the categories of proteins in chromaffin dense core secretory vesicles that participate in cell-cell communication from the adrenal medulla. Proteomic studies were conducted by nano-HPLC Chip MS/MS tandem mass spectrometry. Results demonstrate that these secretory vesicles contain proteins of distinct functional categories consisting of neuropeptides and neurohumoural factors, protease systems, neurotransmitter enzymes and transporters, receptors, enzymes for biochemical processes, reduction/oxidation regulation, ATPases, protein folding, lipid biochemistry, signal transduction, exocytosis, calcium regulation, as well as structural and cell adhesion proteins. The secretory vesicle proteomic data identified 371 distinct proteins in the soluble fraction and 384 distinct membrane proteins, for a total of 686 distinct secretory vesicle proteins. Notably, these proteomic analyses illustrate the presence of several neurological disease-related proteins in these secretory vesicles, including huntingtin interacting protein, cystatin C, ataxin 7, and prion protein.Overall, these findings demonstrate that multiple protein categories participate in dense core secretory vesicles for production, storage, and secretion of bioactive neuroeffectors for cell-cell communication in health and disease.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomics of Dense Core Secretory Vesicles Reveal Distinct Protein Categories for Secretion of Neuroeffectors for Cell−Cell Communication

et al. 2010

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“…Similarly, PVN injection of OX-A, which binds to the OX 2 R as well as OX 1 R (Sakurai et al, 1998), increases ENK mRNA in the medial PVN (Karatayev et al, 2009). It is noteworthy that OX 2 R is an excitatory receptor coupled to PKC and cAMP activation (Sakurai et al, 1998), the very same factors involved in stimulating ENK expression (Borsook and Hyman, 1995; Hook et al, 2008). This supports the idea that HFD-induced activation of OX and its OX 2 R can directly enhance the expression and levels of ENK.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galanin and the orexin 2 receptor as possible regulators of enkephalin in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus: relation to dietary fat

Barson¹,

Chang²,

Poon³

et al. 2011

Neuroscience

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Recent studies show that the non-opioid peptides, galanin (GAL) and orexin (OX), are similar to the opioid enkephalin (ENK) in being stimulated by dietary fat and also in enhancing the consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD). This suggests that, when a HFD is provided, these non-opioids may stimulate the opioid system to promote excess consumption of this diet. Using single- and double-labeling immunohistochemistry, the present study sought to identify possible neuroanatomical substrates for this close relationship. Focusing on the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and particularly its anterior (aPVN), middle (mPVN) and posterior (pPVN) parts, the experiments examined whether GAL itself or the receptors for GAL and OX are stimulated by a HFD in the same areas and possibly the same neurons as ENK. Compared to animals fed a standard chow diet, rats consuming a HFD exhibited an increased density of medial parvocellular neurons immunoreactive (IR) for GAL in the mPVN and aPVN and for ENK in the mPVN and pPVN, distinguishing the mPVN as an area where both peptides were affected. While showing little evidence for GAL and ENK colocalization with a chow diet, double-labeling studies in HFD-fed rats revealed significant colocalization specifically in medial parvocellular neurons of the mPVN. Immediately posterior to this site, further analyses revealed a similar relationship between the OX 2 receptor (OX2R) and ENK in HFD-treated animals. While increasing the density of neurons immunoreactive for OX2R as well as for the GAL 1 receptor but not OX 1 receptor, HFD consumption increased the colocalization only of OX2R and ENK, specifically in the medial parvocellular neurons of the pPVN. These changes in HFD-fed rats, showing GAL and OX2R to colocalize with ENK exclusively in neurons of the medial parvocellular mPVN and pPVN, respectively, suggest possible neural substrates through which the non-opioid peptides may functionally interact with ENK when exposed to a HFD.

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“…Primary cultures of bovine adrenal chromaffin cells were prepared using a modification of a method described previously (O'Connor et al, 2007; Hook et al, 2008). Ten fresh bovine adrenal glands received from a local slaughterhouse were placed onto ice and trimmed of excess fat.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These neurotransmitters are secreted from chromaffin cells in a regulated manner from secretory vesicles upon stimulation by sympathetic activation. Secretion of these catecholamine and neuropeptide transmitters (ie., enkephalin, NPY, galanin, and others) have been studied individually from chromaffin cells (Zhang et al, 2006; Hook et al, 2008; Smith and Eiden, 2012; Ges et al, 2013) and other neuronal cell types (Eiden, 2013). But characterization of the secreted profiles of co-released neurotransmitters in response to stimulation by different secretagogues has not yet been fully defined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiles of secreted neuropeptides and catecholamines illustrate similarities and differences in response to stimulation by distinct secretagogues

Podvin

Bundey

Toneff

et al. 2015

Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience

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The goal of this study was to define profiles of secreted neuropeptide and catecholamine neurotransmitters that undergo co-release from sympathoadrenal chromaffin cells upon stimulation by distinct secretagogues. Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla participate in the dynamic responses to stress, especially that of ‘fight and flight’, and, thus, analyses of the co-release of multiple neurotransmitters is necessary to gain knowledge of how the stress response regulates cell-cell communication among physiological systems. Results of this study demonstrated that six different secretagogues stimulated the co-release of the neuropeptides Met-enkephalin, galanin, NPY, and VIP with the catecholamines dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Importantly, the quantitative profiles of the secreted neurotransmitters showed similarities and differences upon stimulation by the different secretagogues evaluated, composed of KCl depolarization, nicotine, carbachol, PACAP, bradykinin, and histamine. The rank-orders of the secreted profiles of the neurotransmitters were generally similar among these secretagogues, but differences in the secreted amounts of each neurotransmitter occurred with different secretagogues. Epinephrine among the catecholamines showed the highest level of secretion. (Met)enkephalin showed the largest levels of secretion compared to the other neuropeptides examined. Levels of secreted catecholamines were greater than that of the neuropeptides. These data support the hypothesis that profiles of secreted neuropeptide and catecholamine neurotransmitters show similarities and differences upon stimulation by distinct secretagogues. These results illustrate the co-release of concerted neurotransmitter profiles that participate in the stress response of the sympathoadrenal nervous system.

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Differential activation of enkephalin, galanin, somatostatin, NPY, and VIP neuropeptide production by stimulators of protein kinases A and C in neuroendocrine chromaffin cells

Cited by 16 publications

References 40 publications

Proteomics of Dense Core Secretory Vesicles Reveal Distinct Protein Categories for Secretion of Neuroeffectors for Cell−Cell Communication

Proteomics of Dense Core Secretory Vesicles Reveal Distinct Protein Categories for Secretion of Neuroeffectors for Cell−Cell Communication

Galanin and the orexin 2 receptor as possible regulators of enkephalin in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus: relation to dietary fat

Profiles of secreted neuropeptides and catecholamines illustrate similarities and differences in response to stimulation by distinct secretagogues

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