Differential absorption lidar (DIAL) measurements from air and space

Browell, E. V.; Ismail, Syed; Grant, William B.

doi:10.1007/s003400050523

Cited by 202 publications

(115 citation statements)

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“…Bösenberg, 1998;Browell et al, 1998). It is based on the absorption at different laser wavelengths with narrow spectra.…”

Section: Differential Absorption Lidar Walesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Airborne Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) measurements of water vapour (Ehret et al, 1993;Bösenberg, 1998;Browell et al, 1998) provide 2-D information of the atmospheric structure, and are thus a suitable tool to study the fine structure of cirrus clouds, as well as their macrophysical properties. The combination of DIAL water vapour measurements with additional temperature information (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential of airborne lidar measurements for cirrus cloud studies

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Aerosol and water vapour measurements were performed with the lidar system WALES of Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt (DLR) in October and November 2010 during the first mission with the new German research aircraft G55-HALO. Curtains composed of lidar profiles beneath the aircraft show the vertical and horizontal distribution and variability of water vapour mixing ratio and backscatter ratio above Germany. Two missions on 3 and 4 November 2010 were selected to derive the water vapour mixing ratio inside cirrus clouds from the lidar instrument. A good agreement was found with in situ observations performed on a second research aircraft flying below HALO. ECMWF analysis temperature data are used to derive relative humidity fields with respect to ice (RHi) inside and outside of cirrus clouds from the lidar water vapour observations. The RHi variability is dominated by small-scale fluctuations in the water vapour fields while the temperature variation has a minor impact. The most frequent in-cloud RHi value from lidar observations is 98 %. The RHi variance is smaller inside the cirrus than outside of the cloud. 2-D histograms of relative humidity and backscatter ratio show significant differences for in-cloud and out-of-cloud situations for two different cirrus cloud regimes. Combined with accurate temperature measurements, the lidar observations have a great potential for detailed statistical cirrus cloud and related humidity studies.

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“…Bösenberg, 1998;Browell et al, 1998). It is based on the absorption at different laser wavelengths with narrow spectra.…”

Section: Differential Absorption Lidar Walesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of airborne lidar measurements for cirrus cloud studies

et al. 2014

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“…[5] The NASA Langley airborne differential absorption lidar (DIAL) system [Richter et al, 1997;Browell et al, 1998] makes simultaneous O 3 and aerosol backscatter profile measurements with four laser beams: two in the ultraviolet (UV) for O 3 and one each in the visible and infrared for aerosols. For tropospheric O 3 DIAL measurements, one of the lasers is tuned to an ''on-line'' wavelength of 289 nm in the Hartley-Huggins absorption band of ozone while the other is tuned to an ''off-line'' wavelength of 300 nm near the edge of this absorption band.…”

Section: Dial Lidarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer ozone profiles with aircraft observations during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment–B

et al. 2008

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The Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) is an infrared instrument that was launched on board NASA's Aura satellite in 2004. TES is the first instrument to provide vertical information on tropospheric ozone while simultaneously measuring CO on a global basis. Before they may be used for scientific study, TES profiles must first be validated to determine if there are any systematic biases present. In this study we present a validation of TES tropospheric ozone using airborne differential absorption lidar (DIAL) profiles obtained during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment–B (INTEX‐B) campaign, which took place during March–May 2006. During INTEX‐B the NASA DC‐8 aircraft conducted several flights, which allowed the DIAL instrument to obtain ozone profile measurements that were spatially coincident with TES special observations in three different geographical regions. Here we present comparisons of TES and DIAL tropospheric ozone profiles that show that, on average, TES exhibits a small positive bias in the troposphere of 5–15%. We also examine the use of in situ profile observations for the validation of TES tropospheric ozone, and we find these to be of most use in clean regions where the background ozone field is homogeneous.

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“…The astigmatism induced by the amplifier design was mostly compensated using cylindrical telescopes. The M 2 -value of the outgoing beam was measured to be less than 1.4 and the divergence in the horizontal and vertical axes was 0.32 mrad and [8,9,21]. For spaceborne applications an energy of ∼80 mJ was suggested [11,12].…”

Section: Transmitter Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the differential absorption lidar (DIAL) technique applied from satellites shows high potential to meet those requirements [7][8][9] there is need for an exploratory satellite mission demonstrating high-vertical resolution water vapor profiles by active remote sensing [5]. In recent years several lidar missions have thus been proposed to measure water vapor profiles from space [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water vapor differential absorption lidar measurements using a diode-pumped all-solid-state laser at 935 nm

et al. 2010

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A diode-pumped, single-frequency laser system emitting at 935 nm has recently been developed to serve as the transmitter for water vapor differential absorption lidar (DIAL) measurements. This laser uses Nd:YGG (Y 3 Ga 5 O 12 ) as the active medium and emits radiation directly at 935 nm without the need of additional frequency conversion processes. The system was diode-pumped at 806 nm and was built up in a master-oscillator-poweramplifier configuration. It generates more than 30 mJ of pulse energy at 100 Hz repetition rate with a beam quality (M 2 ) of better than 1.4. Since water vapor DIAL demands for stringent requirements of the spectral properties those were carefully investigated in the scope of this paper. Single-frequency operation is achieved by injection seeding and active length control of the oscillator cavity. to ∼0.4 nm centered around 935.31 nm. Values of the spectral purity of >99.996% were determined using long-pass absorption measurements in the atmosphere exceeding the requirements by a large margin. Finally, for the first time water vapor DIAL measurements were performed using a Nd:YGG laser. The reported results show much promise of these directly pumped lasers at 935 nm for future spaceborne but also airborne water vapor lidar systems.

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Differential absorption lidar (DIAL) measurements from air and space

Cited by 202 publications

References 1 publication

Potential of airborne lidar measurements for cirrus cloud studies

Potential of airborne lidar measurements for cirrus cloud studies

Validation of Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer ozone profiles with aircraft observations during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment–B

Water vapor differential absorption lidar measurements using a diode-pumped all-solid-state laser at 935 nm

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