Different Worldviews Explain Perceived Effectiveness of Different Employment Tests

Highhouse, Scott; Rada, Thaddeus B.

doi:10.1111/ijsa.12100

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…Third, other researchers used a combination of text and statements (e.g., Seto & Hicks, 2016). Fourth, participants watched videos related to (anti-)free will viewpoints (e.g., Highhouse & Rada, 2015). To reliably manipulate belief in free will, it is important to know which of these manipulations are most effective.…”

Section: Type Of Manipulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, a substantial amount of research has focused on manipulations made to reduce free will. Yet, some experiments have also compared these anti-free will messages not only with neutral messages, but also with pro-free will messages (e.g., Baumeister et al, 2009;Highhouse & Rada, 2015;Schrag et al, 2016;Seto & Hicks, 2016;Vohs & Schooler, 2008). This allows us to test the effectiveness of anti-free will messages both with respect to control messages and with respect to pro-free will messages, allowing us to investigate whether belief in free will can also be experimentally increased, in addition to decreased.…”

Section: Baseline Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Manipulating belief in free will and its downstream consequences: A meta-analysis

Genschow¹,

Cracco²,

Schneider³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Whether free will exists is a longstanding philosophical debate. Cognitive neuroscience and popular media have been putting forward the idea that free will is an illusion, raising the question of what would happen if people stopped believing in free will altogether. Psychological research has investigated this question by testing the consequences of experimentally weakening people’s belief in free will. The results of these investigations have been mixed, with successful experiments and unsuccessful replications. This raises two fundamental questions that can best be investigated with a meta-analysis: First, can free will beliefs be manipulated and, second, do such manipulations have downstream consequences? In a meta-analysis across 146 experiments (95 unpublished) with a total of 26,305 participants, we show that exposing individuals to anti-free will manipulations decreases belief in free will, g = -0.29, 95% CI = [-0.35, -0.22], and increases belief in determinism, g = 0.17, 95% CI = [0.09, 0.24]. In contrast, we find little evidence for the idea that manipulating belief in free will has downstream consequences after accounting for small sample and publication bias. Together, our findings have important theoretical implications for research on free will beliefs and contribute to the discussion of whether reducing people’s belief in free will has societal consequences.

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Section: Type Of Manipulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Baseline Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulating belief in free will and its downstream consequences: A meta-analysis

Genschow¹,

Cracco²,

Schneider³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Research question 2: What common remedies for the research-practice gap have a meaningful impact on closing the gap with respect to personnel selection? Finally, taken in combination, the existence of the research-practice gap in selection and the prevalence of these myths could be symptomatic of the "Myth of Expertise" and scientific determinism: The assumption is that employee success can be precisely predicted with heuristics and intuition (e.g., Highhouse & Rada, 2015). The degree to which HR practitioners consider selection to be a perfect science versus random chance is unknown but qualifies the limits of the remedies identified above in the face of human judgment and decision-making.…”

Section: The Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection Myths

Fisher

Risavy

Robie

et al. 2021

Journal of Personnel Psychology

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Abstract. After nearly two decades of awareness on the research–practice gap in human resource management, this study updates and expands on the seminal findings of Rynes et al. (2002) specific to personnel selection. In a sample of 453 human resource (HR) practitioners in the US and Canada, we found that the research–practice gap persists. Notably, compared to the 2002 findings, HR practitioners tended to be worse at identifying personnel selection myths than was shown by Rynes et al. over 15 years ago, while those who reported not conducting validity studies were surprisingly better at identifying several myths as false. Several potential avenues for advancement are suggested in light of the disturbing stubbornness of the research–practice gap in personnel selection.

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“…Participants are assigned to an anti-free will or control group, and are e.g. given free-will-related texts to read [ 19 ], are asked to think about free-will-related statements [ 28 ], or watch a free-will-related video [ 29 ]. These techniques have been shown to reduce FWBs [ 21 ], which demonstrates that FWBs are dynamic [ 9 ], and we expected them to alter FWBs in this study as well (Hypothesis 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relating free will beliefs and attitudes

et al. 2022

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Most people believe in free will, which is foundational for our sense of agency and responsibility. Past research demonstrated that such beliefs are dynamic, and can be manipulated experimentally. Much less is known about free will attitudes (FWAs; do you value free will?), whether they are equally dynamic, and about their relation to free will beliefs (FWBs). If FWAs were strongly positive, people might be reluctant to revise their beliefs even in the face of strong evidence to do so. In this registered report, we developed a novel measure of FWAs and directly related FWBs and attitudes for the first time. We found FWBs and attitudes to be positively related, although to a lesser degree than determinism or dualism beliefs/attitudes. Nevertheless, an experimental manipulation technique aimed at reducing FWBs (Crick text) showed remarkably specific effects on FWBs only, and no effects on FWAs. Overall, these results provide valuable new insights into laypeople's views on free will by including a novel measure of FWAs. They also provide evidence for the validity of a common experimental technique that has been rightfully criticized in the literature lately.

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Different Worldviews Explain Perceived Effectiveness of Different Employment Tests

Cited by 9 publications

References 65 publications

Manipulating belief in free will and its downstream consequences: A meta-analysis

Manipulating belief in free will and its downstream consequences: A meta-analysis

Selection Myths

Relating free will beliefs and attitudes

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