Different strains of Propionibacterium acnes modulate differently the cutaneous innate immunity

Abstract

Acne is a chronic inflammatory illness of the pilosebaceous follicle where innate immunity plays a central role. In acne, the density of Propionibacterium acnes is increased in the pilosebaceous unit. We hypothesized that the severity of acne is not only dependent on the proliferation of P. acnes but also dependent on the pro-inflammatory potential of P. acnes strains and consequently constitutes potential triggering factor for acne scarring. We investigated pro-inflammatory potential of five different strains of P. acnes and P. avidum in skin explants and the preventive effect of zinc gluconate. The expression of immune markers was studied by immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR and ELISA. P. acnes strains modulate differently the expression of immune markers both at gene and at protein levels. P. acnes type III had the highest pro-inflammatory potential by up-regulating the expression of PAR-2, TNF-alpha, MMP-13 and TIMP-2, whereas P. avidum had the weakest by up-regulating only MMP-13 and TIMP-2. Preincubation of zinc gluconate, which is a modulator of innate immunity, down-regulates the expression of most immune markers induced by P. acnes, PAR-2, TIMP-2, up-regulates MMP-1, TIMP-1. Our results demonstrate that different P. acnes strains have different inflammatory potential targeting markers of cutaneous innate immunity, and that inflammatory potential can be down-regulated by zinc gluconate. As such, the inflammatory potential of P. acnes strains on acne skin may influence the severity of inflammatory acne lesions and scars.

TLR-2 Recognizes Propionibacterium acnes CAMP Factor 1 from Highly Inflammatory Strains

“…This finding is consistent with previous studies describing differences in the modulation of the immune response between different P . acnes strains [12, 21]. We assessed the ability of surface proteins to induce CXCL8 production in vitro .…”

“…Studies involving MLST approaches have classified P . acnes strains into six phylotypes (IA 1 , IA 2 , IB, IC, II and III) according to their ability to induce the production of proinflammatory molecules [12], their association with infections, their biochemical and morphological characteristics and their ability to aggregate [13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]. A variable number of tandem repeats-based method was recently developed, to improve genotyping and discriminate between P .…”

Different Propionibacterium acnes Phylotypes Induce Distinct Immune Responses and Express Unique Surface and Secreted Proteomes

“…Lysates from P. acnes may also have different effects in human skin explants (Jasson et al, 2013), and type I P. acnes were more readily endocytosed than type II (Furukawa et al, 2009).…”

Characterisation of Cutibacterium acnes phylotypes in acne and in vivo exploratory evaluation of Myrtacine®

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AbstractObjective Our main objective was to compare Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) skin colonisation in patients with mild to moderate acne versus healthy controls and secondly, to evaluate a Myrtacine â -based cream on C. acnes total population and antibioresistant Cutibacteria in patients with acne.Methods In 60 acne patients (Global Acne Severity Scale, GEA grades 2-3), of mean age 20 [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Results We first showed (i) high and similar levels of C. acnes colonisation in superficial pilosebaceous follicles and detection of EryR and ClnR strains in both acne and control groups; (ii) different repartition of phylotypes in acne patients versus healthy control, with a predominance of phylotype IA in acne patients and a link between phylotype IA and erythromycin resistance. Besides, after treatment with the Myrtacine â -based cream in acne patients, there was no change in C. acnes total load, but a significant decrease of EryR Cutibacteria, reduced porphyrin production by C. acnes, a decrease in acne severity (GEA), associated with reduced retentional and inflammatory lesions.

Conclusion Cutibacterium acnes colonisation was not significantly different in acne versus control groups.

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