Different Sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Tissue Regeneration: A Guide to Identifying the Most Favorable One in Orthopedics and Dentistry Applications

Abstract

The success of regenerative medicine in various clinical applications depends on the appropriate selection of the source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Indeed, the source conditions, the quality and quantity of MSCs, have an influence on the growth factors, cytokines, extracellular vesicles, and secrete bioactive factors of the regenerative milieu, thus influencing the clinical result. Thus, optimal source selection should harmonize this complex setting and ensure a well-personalized and effective treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be obtained from several sources, including bone marrow and adipose tissue, already used in orthopedic regenerative applications. In this sense, for bone, dental, and oral injuries, MSCs could provide an innovative and effective therapy. The present review aims to compare the properties (proliferation, migration, clonogenicity, angiogenic capacity, differentiation potential, and secretome) of MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and dental tissue to enable clinicians to select the best source of MSCs for their clinical application in bone and oral tissue regeneration to delineate new translational perspectives. A review of the literature was conducted using the search engines Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. An analysis of different publications showed that all sources compared (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs), and dental tissue mesenchymal stem cells (DT-MSCs) are good options to promote proper migration and angiogenesis, and they turn out to be useful for gingival, dental pulp, bone, and periodontal regeneration. In particular, DT-MSCs have better proliferation rates and AT and G-MSC sources showed higher clonogenicity. MSCs from bone marrow, widely used in orthopedic regenerative medicine, are preferable for their differentiation ability. Considering all the properties among sources, BM-MSCs, AT-MSCs, and DT-MSCs present as potential candidates for oral and dental regeneration.

Mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of spinal cord injury: Mechanisms, current advances and future challenges

“…MSCs are widely used in cell therapy and regenerative medicine because of their immunomodulatory and tissue repair effects (5,38). MSCs can be isolated from almost all tissues, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord, liver, and heart (39). MSCs isolated from various tissues exhibit various cell surface markers that can be used for a range of treatment options.…”

Sel Punca sebagai Terapi Regenerasi Potensial Kasus Ortopedi

“…6 Autotransplantasi adalah jika donor sel punca dan resipien merupakan orang yang sama, sedangkan allo-transplantasi adalah jika donor dan resipien sel punca adalah orang yang berbeda. 7 Jenis Sel Punca Berdasarkan Tipe Sel punca dapat dibagi berdasarkan tipenya, yaitu sel punca embrionik dan sel punca matur (adult). 8 Sumber sel punca embrionik (Gambar 2) -berasal dari blastokista selama fertilisasi in-vitro (hari kelima kehidupan janin) bersifat pluripoten; 9 secara teori, sel punca embrionik dapat berkembang dan mampu berdiferensiasi dengan baik dengan risiko penolakan minimal.…”

“…Proses pengambilan sel punca mesenkimal. 7 pembedahan dengan terapi BM-MSC dan tanpa BM-MSC dengan mengevaluasi hasil histopatologis tendon Achilles yang putus dan hasil skor fungsional pada hewan tikus. 26 Disimpulkan bahwa pembedahan kombinasi BM-MSC hasilnya jauh lebih baik dibandingkan pembedahan tanpa BM-MSC.…”

Obesity and Wound Healing: Focus on Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…MSCs are defined as a subset of multipotent cells present in tissues of mesenchymal origin responsible for their regeneration [ 116 , 117 ]. MSCs were initially identified as spindle-shaped cells in the bone marrow (bone marrow stromal stem cells, BMSCs) [ 118 , 119 , 120 ].…”