Different sources of ammonia for improving the nutritive value of low quality roughages

Kiangi, E.M.I.; Kategile, J.A.; Sundstøl, F.

doi:10.1016/0377-8401(81)90016-x

Cited by 29 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Urea is the preferred alkali for treatment due to its low cost and ease of availability and handling [77,179]. The extra nitrogen supplied by urea increases the crude protein concentration of crop residues [115].…”

Section: Urea Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value Addition of Feed and Fodder by Alleviating the Antinutritional Effects of Tannins

et al. 2013

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Tannins are one of the important plant secondary metabolites having wide prevalence in the plant kingdom. They are a prominent constituent of various types of feed, fodder and agro-industrial wastes. The intake of tannins at a low level has recently been found to have some positive effects in ruminants. However, the use of tannin-rich biomass as animal feed, having high content of tannins, is limited by the antinutritional effects of tannins at this level in an animal system. A number of physical, chemical, biological and miscellaneous approaches have been developed for inactivation or removal of tannins for enhancement of the feeding value of tannin-rich biomass. However, none of the individual method is successful in total inactivation or removal of tannins without loss of nutritive value, and this limits the utilization of a vast amount of plant resource. A cohesive and an integrated detanninification strategy is required for alleviating the antinutritional effects of tannins in animals and upgrading the feeding value of tanniniferous biomass.

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Section: Urea Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value Addition of Feed and Fodder by Alleviating the Antinutritional Effects of Tannins

et al. 2013

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“…The nutritive value of crop residues such as maize stover, has been increased by alkali treatment and/or nitrogen (N) supplementation (Alayu, 1987;Cronje & Weites, 1990;Oosting, 1993;Preston, 1995;Chandrasekharaiah et al, 1996). Urea is the preferred alkali for treatment due to its low cost and ease of handling (Kiangi & Kategile, 1981;Sahnoune et al, 1991) and the extra N it supplies increases the crude protein (CP) concentration of crop residues (McDonald et al, 1995). Supplementation of crop residues with true protein rather than non-protein nitrogen (NPN) is more desirable as it supplies both rumen degradable and non-degradable protein (Oosting, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of protein supplementation and urea treatment on utilization of maize stover by Red Maasai sheep

Woyengo¹,

Gachuiri²,

Wahome³

et al. 2004

SA J. An. Sci.

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Six Red Maasai sheep were used to investigate the effects of urea treatment and cotton seed cake supplementation of maize stover on intake, digestibility and rumen fermentation parameters. The basal feeds were Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay (H), untreated maize (Zea mays) stover (US) and treated maize stover (TS), each of which was supplemented with 100 g of cotton seed cake (CSC) to make H+CSC, US+CSC and TS+CSC. These were offered over four feeding periods in a completely randomized block design, with periods serving as blocks. Hay and US treatments had similar intakes, digestibility, ruminal fluid volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations and pH. Urea treatment of the stover increased the digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and cellulose as well as the rumen ammonia nitrogen (AN) concentration. Cotton seed cake supplementation increased DM, OM and CP digestibility in US from 445 to 614 g/kg, 475 to 633 g/kg and 308 to 604 g/kg, respectively and VFA concentration in the rumen from 31 to 196 mmol/L. Supplementation of treated stover, increased the AN concentration (137 vs. 234 mg/l) rumen in the rumen content with no effect on nutrient digestibility and VFA concentration. The pH of the ruminal content for the diets ranged from 6.83 to 7.12. The trends of rumen AN and VFA for supplemented diets showed a gradual rise to a maximum three hours post-feeding, followed by a decrease in their respective concentrations. It was concluded that urea treatment and CSC supplementation of stover increased its utilization but supplementation of treated stover with CSC was not effective.

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“…Many attempts have been conducted to improve the nutritive value of cereal straw using aqueous ammonia. Kiangi et al (1981) investigated the effectiveness of aqueous ammonia (NH4OH) for treating maize stover, rice and wheat straws. They found that NH4OH had a similar effect as anhydrous NH3 in improving dry mater and organic matter in-vitro digestibility of maize stover, rice and wheat straws.…”

Section: Aqueous Ammonia For Enhance Barley Strawmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Feeding Rumen-Protected Methionine With Calcium Salts and Yeast on Productive Performance of Lactating Ewes When Fed Barley Straw

Irshaid¹,

Abdelqader²,

Abuajamieh³

et al. 2019

JEBAS

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A comparative study was conducted to examine the capacity of rumen-protected methionine and calcium-salts to enhance milking performance of Awassi ewes when fed barley straw to be comparable with those ewes fed Alfalfa hay. Aqueous ammonia and yeast culture were also tested for their further ability to promote animals performance when fed straw. Forty-four Awassi ewes were randomly assigned into four dietary treatment groups in a completely randomized design. Ewes were fed with 1 kg/head/day concentrate ration supplemented with alfalfa hay (CON) or either ammonia treated (ASTRW) or untreated barley straw (STRW) supplemented with calcium-salts and rumen protected methionine at a level of 50 g and 5 g/head/day respectively. In the fourth diet, 30 g/head/day of yeast culture was added to ammonia treated supplemented straw (AYSTRW). The experiment started after weaning and lasted for 70 days thereafter. Milk yield, milk composition, body weights, feed intake, milk fatty acids and some blood parameters were studied as production variables. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) between ewes in milk and energy corrected milk production, feed consumption, weight increase, feed efficiency, milk fat, milk fatty acid composition, milk and blood urea and blood Serum triglycerides. The current results indicated that supplementing barley straw with rumen -protected methionine and calcium salts was sufficient for Awassi ewes produced modest milk production to maintain milk yield and quality without any detrimental effects on animal performance comparable with ewes fed alfalfa hay as a source of forage.

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Different sources of ammonia for improving the nutritive value of low quality roughages

Cited by 29 publications

References 13 publications

Value Addition of Feed and Fodder by Alleviating the Antinutritional Effects of Tannins

Value Addition of Feed and Fodder by Alleviating the Antinutritional Effects of Tannins

Effect of protein supplementation and urea treatment on utilization of maize stover by Red Maasai sheep

Effect of Feeding Rumen-Protected Methionine With Calcium Salts and Yeast on Productive Performance of Lactating Ewes When Fed Barley Straw

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