Different selection processes, different outcomes? Comparing labor market integration of asylum refugees, resettled refugees and their reunited family members in Finland

Tervola, Jussi

doi:10.1186/s40878-020-00183-4

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…In Canada, family reunification and remittances appear to be at odds with each other, as refugees face difficulties earning enough to pursue both (Johnson and Stoll, 2013), while those arriving through the Canadian resettlement programme are also subject to travel loan repayments (Brunner et al, 2014). Since 2016, Finland has applied income-testing to refugees with subsidiary protection who wish to reunite with family (Tervola, 2020). Germany has income and time requirements for family reunification (Tometten, 2018), while in the UK, families go to extreme lengths to reunite with loved ones, often becoming destitute as a result of covering reunification costs (Beaton et al, 2018).…”

Section: Bureaucratic and Financial Conditionalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the UK, adult refugees can reunite with (married or civil) partners and underaged children, but not with parents, grandparents, siblings and adult children (Beaton et al, 2018). In Finland, only in special cases can relatives other than children, spouse or parents of children under eighteen be regarded as family members (Tervola, 2020). Family reunification is possible for eligible resettled refugees in Germany, for "core family" (spouses, minor children and parents of minors), and only in highly exceptional circumstances, parents of adults in need of specific personal care, or other extended family members (Tometten, 2018).…”

Section: Definitions Of Family Dependency and Vulnerabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is clear evidence from analysis of administrative datasets in Canada and Sweden that men arriving on family reunion visas find it easier to access and maintain employment, than those without family (Bevelander, 2011;Bevelander and Pendakur, 2014;Tervola, 2020). Research has shown that this is due to the uncertainty many face of whether they will be able to remain in the country if family reunion fails (Beaton et al, 2018;Morris et al, 2021).…”

Section: Gendered and Generational Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Family reunion policy for resettled refugees: Governance, challenges and impacts

Phillimore

D’avino²,

Strain-Fajth³

et al. 2023

Front. Hum. Dyn.

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The past decade has seen renewed efforts to establish resettlement as a durable solution for refugees, both as a protection tool and a mechanism to equitably distribute them among countries. Although the right to a family life is widely recognised as a fundamental human right, whether refugees can arrive with their family or be reunited with family once resettled varies across receiving countries. Little is known about family reunion policies in countries leading the resettlement efforts, and about the impact of these policies on the lives and experiences of resettled refugees. This paper addresses this gap though a systematic scoping review of academic and policy literature on family reunion policies for resettlement refugees, and on the impact of such policy on their lives. Based on a review of 42 papers published between 2010 and 2021, we outline the policies implemented in different receiving countries to enable resettled refugees to reunite with family, documenting at the same time the challenges refugees face in the process, as well as the impact of policy on their experiences. The findings evidence a tension between the refugees' own understanding of family and definitions of family in policy in receiving countries, which often results in family separation or reconfiguration. Additionally, high costs and other administrative barriers, as well as long waiting times associated with family reunification, lead to delayed or denied reunion, having detrimental effects on resettled refugees' well-being in the present and on their future prospects.

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Section: Bureaucratic and Financial Conditionalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Definitions Of Family Dependency and Vulnerabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gendered and Generational Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Family reunion policy for resettled refugees: Governance, challenges and impacts

Phillimore

D’avino²,

Strain-Fajth³

et al. 2023

Front. Hum. Dyn.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast, in Canada, sponsors are directly responsible for identifying refugees for resettlement and initiating an application for admission on their behalf (Van Haren 2021). Because privately resettled refugees can independently communicate with sponsors prior to their arrival, they tend to have higher human capital levels, better knowledge of Canada's national languages, and perhaps even pre-existing networks of relationships in Canada.…”

Section: Background: Comparing Private Sponsorship In Canada and Comm...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Impact of Community Sponsorship on Early Refugee Labor Market Outcomes in the United States

Linn

2022

Journal on Migration and Human Security

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As the number of refugees in need of resettlement continues to climb worldwide, advocates and policy makers are searching for ways to leverage new support from private individuals, faith groups, and community organizations to complement and extend the capacity of traditional government resettlement programs. The United States is one of many countries considering the possibility of a “private sponsorship” model, which would allow private individuals and community groups to resettle refugees independent of traditional government resettlement agencies. While this particular resettlement model has not been implemented in the United States in more than four decades, the country has a long history of community involvement in refugee resettlement. Many resettlement agencies operate vibrant community sponsorship (or co-sponsorship) programs, 1 in which community groups partner with resettlement agencies in delivering services and material support to refugees. However, due to a lack of publicly available data, the impact of this co-sponsorship model has been woefully understudied. This paper offers a preliminary exploration of community sponsorship and its impact on early refugee labor market outcomes. Using administrative data from the Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Service (LIRS), this paper finds that: Refugees with community sponsors have higher English language enrollment rates 90 days after arrival than refugees without sponsors. Refugees with community sponsors who are enrolled in an early employment program known as Matching Grant have higher rates of employment and of full-time employment 180 days after arrival than those enrolled in Matching Grant who do not have sponsors. Community sponsorship is especially beneficial for refugees with low levels of English language proficiency and lack of family ties in their location of resettlement, as well as refugees resettling in areas with higher unemployment. This paper also identifies and recommends several areas for further study, including: The variation of existing community sponsorship models in use across the United States and their impacts on refugee integration outcomes locally. The impact of community sponsorship on integration indicators, in addition to early labor market outcomes.

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“…In this time frame, the gaps between employment rates of refugees and other migrants range from one percent point in the US over 45 percent points in Germany to 69 percent points in Norway (Brell et al, 2020). Generally, refugee women's labour market integration happens more slowly than that of men (Tervola, 2020)-in Germany, the gap between male and female refugees' labour market participation is 29 percentage points (Brücker et al, 2020), and this trend is also observed in other OECD countries (Salikutluk & Menke, 2021). However, studies have shown that achieving employment is as much an integration goal for recently arrived refugee women as it is for their male counterparts (Liebig & Tronstad, 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Conquering the labour market: the socioeconomic enablement of refugee women in Austria

Schiestl

Kittel

Bollerhoff

2021

CMS

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Refugee women from the Near and Middle East face specific challenges when entering the Austrian labour market. Particularly gender-based factors, including care and reproductive work, exert pressure on these women and constitute major hurdles for successful entry into employment in Austria. Based on nine qualitative interviews with refugee women who swiftly gained entry to the labour market as well as ten qualitative interviews with experts from public and private support organisations, we investigate refugee women’s social and cultural capital as well as the individual agencies that foster paths into the labour market. We introduce the concept of enablement as the process of gathering the preconditions for overcoming the challenges that arise on that path. Finally, we illuminate the ways in which the three dimensions of individual, relational and institutional enablement interrelate and shape individual agency with regard to labour market integration.

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Different selection processes, different outcomes? Comparing labor market integration of asylum refugees, resettled refugees and their reunited family members in Finland

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Family reunion policy for resettled refugees: Governance, challenges and impacts

Family reunion policy for resettled refugees: Governance, challenges and impacts

Examining the Impact of Community Sponsorship on Early Refugee Labor Market Outcomes in the United States

Conquering the labour market: the socioeconomic enablement of refugee women in Austria

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