Different Roads to Home: The retrocession of Hong Kong and Macau to Chinese sovereignty

Chan, Ming K.

doi:10.1080/10670560305473

Cited by 33 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This article also strengthens our understanding of politics in Hong Kong and Macau. In the earliest post-colonial era, "colonial legacies" were a common approach to comparing the political environments in the two territories (Chan, 2003;Lo, 2007). Now that around 20 years have passed since the transfer of sovereignty, coalition-opposition dynamics has become the most popular approach to explain governance outcomes in the literature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State size and democratization in hybrid regimes: the Chinese island cities of Macau and Hong Kong

Kwong

Wong

2017

ISJ

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ABSTRACT:The effect of state size on level of democratization has been a topic of interest to political scientists. However, studies have largely focused on democratic regimes, leaving unexplored the implications of state size for the regime persistence of hybrid regimes. This article compares two Chinese island cities with hybrid regimes through political analysis supplemented by interviews, and argues that a smaller regime is more likely to be authoritarian than a larger one. The case of Macau shows that the very small size of a 'microstate' helps central authorities to exercise political control, stifle political pluralism, and monopolize opinions, all of which strengthen regime persistence. In contrast, the case of Hong Kong shows that a merely 'small state', a larger political entity, creates political polarization, encourages political competition, and diversifies opinions, resulting in a more confrontational state-society relationship. This paper contributes to the literature by examining the effect of state size on regime persistence in hybrid regimes and explaining political development in Macau and Hong Kong from an alternative geopolitical perspective.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State size and democratization in hybrid regimes: the Chinese island cities of Macau and Hong Kong

Kwong

Wong

2017

ISJ

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“…Prior to the handover, social groups could be roughly categorised as pro‐business or pro‐worker. However, both camps seemed to reach consensus most of the time because they were under the control of Beijing and followed mainland China's united front policies (Chan, ).…”

Section: The Crisis Of Consensus Politicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining urban governance in the midst of political transformation: The city of Macao

Sheng

Wan

2017

Asia Pacific Viewpoint

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This paper takes a close look at the urban governance and political culture of Macao, the world largest casino city. Macao has experienced spectacular economic growth since gaming liberalisation in 2002 and China's Free Individual Travel scheme launched in 2003. However, the booming gaming sector has crowded out other sectors of Macao. It has not only made the city's economy mono-structured and consequently extremely vulnerable to external shocks and fluctuations but also induced serious social divisions and political controversies within the local community. By tracing the root cause of the ongoing dilemma and crisis in the mode of governance, the dynamic relationships between formal and informal institutions, consensus politics and the social group culture are intensively discussed in a historical context. In fact, the sustainable development of the former Portuguese colony has largely been hindered by its residents' passive attitudes toward political communication, non-transparent urban governance, the absence of a middle class and the dominance of pro-establishment social groups.

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“…The formula may be traced back to China's policy towards Hong Kong and Macau since 1949: Mao decided not to take over Hong Kong and Macau under the policy of "long-term planning and fully utilising" ( , changqi dasuan chongfen liyong). By leaving the two colonies at China's doorstep alone, Hong Kong and Macau could be used by China to undertake foreign trade, earn foreign currency, and spy on the Western World (Vogel 2011: 487-511;Chan 2003;Deng 1993;Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau, the Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 1984).…”

Section: Urplvhv Ri +Ljk $Xwrqrp\mentioning

confidence: 99%

New Bottle, Old Wine: China's Governance of Hong Kong in View of Its Policies in the Restive Borderlands

Chou

2015

Journal of Current Chinese Affairs

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This paper reviews Beijing's Hong Kong policy, arguing that the policy mirrors China's policy towards its restive borderlands represented by Tibet and Xinjiang. The rule of Hong Kong and other borderlands in China will be understood in an analytical framework that highlights four broad policies of governing borderlands: promises of a high degree of local autonomy; extension of politico-administrative control; cultural assimilation; and economic integration and domination. These policies may be conceptualised within the term “coercion.” It is argued that before Hong Kong's retrocession to China in 1997, the PRC's approach to the territory, in comparison to its approaches to Tibet and Xinjiang, was the least coercive – that is, China initially promised Hong Kong a high degree of autonomy over domestic affairs. The degree of coercion was stepped up when Hongkongers were perceived as becoming increasingly alienated from the new regime.

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Different Roads to Home: The retrocession of Hong Kong and Macau to Chinese sovereignty

Cited by 33 publications

References 6 publications

State size and democratization in hybrid regimes: the Chinese island cities of Macau and Hong Kong

State size and democratization in hybrid regimes: the Chinese island cities of Macau and Hong Kong

Explaining urban governance in the midst of political transformation: The city of Macao

New Bottle, Old Wine: China's Governance of Hong Kong in View of Its Policies in the Restive Borderlands

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