Different response of Acipenser gueldenstaedtii CRP/SAP and SAA to bacterial challenge and chronic thermal stress sheds light on the innate immune system of sturgeons

Comparison of Artificial Feed and Natural Food by the Growth and Blood Biochemistry in Chinese Sturgeon Acipenser sinensis

“…CRP increased distinctly in plasma concentration when organism was infected or tissue damaged [59]. CRP can help detect infection status and chronic stress in fish [60]. In this study, CRP level of formulated diet group was significantly higher than that of natural food group in May and August.…”

Innate immune and chronic heat stress responses in sturgeons: Advances and insights from studies on Russian sturgeons

“…(B) The challenge with A. hydrophila in Russian sturgeons maintained at tolerable temperatures induced an anti-bacterial response characterised by the liver expression of IL-1 and lysozymes G and C and induction of acute-phase proteins (APPs), namely HPX/WAP65-2 (hemopexin), TRFE (serotransferrin), and SAA [41] , [77] . Moreover, the liver expression of SAA correlated with the increase in their serum levels, indicating that SAA behaves as a positive APP in Russian sturgeon [77] , [123] . (C) Chronic heat-stressed Russian sturgeons challenged with A. hydrophila mounted a metabolic reprogramming similar to fish exposed to chronic heat stress and presented an altered anti-bacterial response.…”

“…In fish, the CRP/SAP involvement in the APR is limited to a few teleost species, in which a null or slight effect on CRP/SAP serum levels was observed after stimulation with microbial components or bacterial challenge [75] , [115] , [116] , [117] , [118] , [119] , [120] , [121] , [122] . Sturgeon CRP/SAP pentraxins have been identified and found to be almost identical within the Acipenser genus (> 95 % identity) and conserved across distant ray-finned fish from sturgeons to teleosts (50 % identity) [123] . Furthermore, the identified Acipenser CRP/SAP pentraxins belong to the universal CRP/SAP subfamily, which comprises genes from mammals to fish and is grouped separate from the CRP/SAP subfamily specific to fish and amphibians [123] , [124] .…”

“…Sturgeon CRP/SAP pentraxins have been identified and found to be almost identical within the Acipenser genus (> 95 % identity) and conserved across distant ray-finned fish from sturgeons to teleosts (50 % identity) [123] . Furthermore, the identified Acipenser CRP/SAP pentraxins belong to the universal CRP/SAP subfamily, which comprises genes from mammals to fish and is grouped separate from the CRP/SAP subfamily specific to fish and amphibians [123] , [124] . Russian sturgeon CRP/SAP was found to be constitutively expressed but not modulated by an A. hydrophila challenge [123] , suggesting that it does not act as an APP.…”

Functional Characterization of Serum Amyloid P Component (SAP) in Host Defense against Bacterial Infection in a Primary Vertebrate

“…Such as the humans’ SAP, OnSAP also has calcium-binding sites; each monomer could bind 2 Ca 2+ , and the amino acid of these binding sites are the same except for one. In humans, SAP shared 51% sequence homology with CRP, which is also short pentraxin and is the main acute phase protein in humans [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Based on this information, we compared the tridimensional structure predicted by Alphafold 2.0 between them, and the result demonstrates that they were highly similar ( Figure 3 H).…”