Different rates of synthesis of whey protein  and casein by alleles of the β-lactoglobulin  and α<sub>s1</sub>-casein locus in cattle

Graml, R.; Weiss, G.; Buchberger, J.; Pirchner, F.

doi:10.1051/gse:19890412

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…The significantly positive correlation between β-LG B and cheese yield (Figure 1) was expected because it has been suggested that the B allele correlates with higher CN number (Schaar, 1984;van den Berg et al, 1992;Lunden et al, 1997) because of the lower concentration of β-LG in this milk (McLean et al, 1984;Ng-Kwai-Hang et al, 1987;Graml et al, 1989). In our study, the CN to total protein ratio analyzed did not affect the cheese yield expressed as grams of cheese per one hundred grams of milk (Figure 1a), whereas the yield expressed as grams of dry cheese solids per one hundred grams of milk protein was affected ( Figure 1b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Genetic polymorphism of milk proteins has been associated with composition, production traits, and technological properties of milk. Concentration of β-LG is higher in milk with the AA genotype than with AB or BB (McLean et al, 1984;Ng-Kwai-Hang et al, 1987;Graml et al, 1989), which results in a lower CN number in AA milk (Lunden et al, 1997;Schaar, 1984;van den Berg et al, 1992). Several workers have reported significantly higher concentrations of κ-CN in milk with the B allele (McLean et al, 1984;van den Berg et al, 1992;Bobe et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Protein Composition on the Cheese-Making Properties of Milk from Individual Dairy Cows

Wedholm

Larsen²,

Lindmark-Månsson³

et al. 2006

Journal of Dairy Science

262

260

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of variations in milk protein composition on milk clotting properties and cheese yield. Milk was collected from 134 dairy cows of Swedish Red and White, Swedish Holstein, and Danish Holstein-Friesian breed at 3 sampling occasions. Concentrations of alphaS1-, beta-, and kappa-casein (CN), alpha-lactalbumin, and beta-lactoglobulin (LG) A and B were determined by reversed phase liquid chromatography. Cows of Swedish breeds were genotyped for genetic variants of beta- and kappa-CN. Model cheeses were produced from individual skimmed milk samples and the milk clotting properties were evaluated. More than 30% of the samples were poorly coagulating or noncoagulating, resulting in weak or no coagulum, respectively. Poorly and noncoagulating samples were associated with a low concentration of kappa-CN and a low proportion of kappa-CN in relation to total CN analyzed. Furthermore, the kappa-CN concentration was higher in milk from cows with the AB genotype than the AA genotype of kappa-CN. The concentrations of alphaS1-, beta-, and kappa-CN and of beta-LG B were found to be significant for the cheese yield, expressed as grams of cheese per one hundred grams of milk. The ratio of CN to total protein analyzed and the beta-LG B concentration positively affected cheese yield, expressed as grams of dry cheese solids per one hundred grams of milk protein, whereas beta-LG A had a negative effect. Cheese-making properties could be improved by selecting milk with high concentrations of alphaS1-, beta-, and kappa-CN, with high kappa-CN in relation to total CN and milk that contains beta-LG B.

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mentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Protein Composition on the Cheese-Making Properties of Milk from Individual Dairy Cows

Wedholm

Larsen²,

Lindmark-Månsson³

et al. 2006

Journal of Dairy Science

262

260

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“…Allele B of b-lactoglobulin is associated with high casein and fat contents in cow's milk, while, milk of Holstein cows with the b-lactoglobulin AA genotype were shown to contain more whey proteins and total protein than those of the other genotypes [2,6,20,53,58,62,66,67]. In addition, a higher expression of allele A has been described in heterozygous (AB) animals [31]. This differential allelic expression has been explained by nucleotide differences in the promoter regions associated with these two alleles.…”

Section: B-lactoglobulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several other transcription factors are known to bind to recognition 440 moter variants. Graml et al [31] suggested that such intragenic haplotype associations may explain the observed differences in the effects of A or B variants of b-lactoglobulin on milk production traits particularly on b-lactoglobulin synthesis (A > B) in heterozygous cows.…”

Section: B-lactoglobulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of genetic polymorphisms on the protein composition of ruminant milks

et al. 2002

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-The purpose of this review is to give an overview of our current knowledge on the polymorphisms occurring in genes coding for milk proteins and responsible for quantitative variability in their expression, thus influencing the protein composition of livestock ruminant milk. The overall genomic organisation of the 6 main ruminant milk protein genes: a-lactalbumin, b-lactoglobulin and the four caseins (a s1 , a s2 , b and k), their chromosomal location and their expression pattern are first summarised before presenting general mechanisms controlling gene expression both at the transcriptional and the post-transcriptional levels. Polymorphisms found in cis-regulatory elements, mainly within the 5'-flanking region of the genes encoding b-lactoglobulin and a s1 -and a s2 -caseins, have been found, in cattle, to influence their transcription rate. In addition, polymorphisms found in the transcription unit, within intron as well as exon sequences, have been shown to be responsible for defects in the processing of primary transcripts and/or the export of messenger RNA to the cytoplasm. Mutations responsible for the occurrence of premature stop codons in a s1 -and b-casein mRNAs have been shown to be associated both with a decrease in the level of the relevant transcripts and the existence of multiple forms of messengers due to alternative splicing (exon skipping, usage of cryptic splice sites). Such a situation, well-exemplified by the gene encoding a s1 -casein in the goat, may have dramatic biological consequences (secretion pathway, casein micelle structure, fat content, etc.) by modifying the message and accordingly the primary structure of the protein as well as its expression. Since some of these polymorphisms dramatically affect technological properties of milk, including cheese yields and organoleptic characteristics, methods mainly based on the PCR technique have been designed and applied in selection and breeding programmes to improve milk protein quality.gene expression / milk protein / genetic polymorphism / ruminants Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 42 (2002) 433-459 433

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“…These studies revealed that BB genotype is associated with higher casein and lower BLG content.. Comparatively, the B variant of BLG was observed to be expressed at relatively lower level in milk with a concomitant increase in casein number [16][17][18]. In a comprehensive study encompassing 8000 animals and three lactation records, Ng-Kwai-Hang et al [9] observed that with replacement of allele A by B, there was a significant increase in protein percentage in all the three lactations whereas protein yield increased significantly only in the second lactation [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Exon 4 and Promoter Regions of β- Lactoglobulin Gene in Native Cattle (Bos indicus) Breeds of India

Kishore¹,

Mukesh²,

Rc³

et al. 2014

J Adv Dairy Res

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The present study aims to define the distribution pattern of allelic variants in exon 4 and promoter region of β-lactoglobulin (BLG) gene in Indian native cattle (Bos indicus). PCR-RFLP analysis of exon 4 using HaeIII digestion in 968 animals of 23 Indian cattle breeds, revealed the predominance of BB genotype and B allele with an average frequency of 0.533 and 0.740, respectively. Further, comparative sequence analysis of BLG promoter region spanning 579 bp of proximal promoter region and 116 bp of exon1 revealed a total of 15 nucleotide variations with respect to Bos taurus sequence. Amongst these, variations at position -204 (C>G)/R5, widely considered to be an important site for milk protein binding factor was further screened by developing genotyping protocol using RsaI enzyme in 779 animals of Indian native cattle. Out of two alleles and three genotypes, G allele and GC genotype was found to be predominantly present with mean values of 0.639 and 0.444, respectively. Chi-square test indicated presence of genetic equilibrium in majority of the breeds with respect to studied variations and revealed no significant difference in distribution of variants across different cattle groups.

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Different rates of synthesis of whey protein and casein by alleles of the β-lactoglobulin and α_s1-casein locus in cattle

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of Protein Composition on the Cheese-Making Properties of Milk from Individual Dairy Cows

Effect of Protein Composition on the Cheese-Making Properties of Milk from Individual Dairy Cows

The impact of genetic polymorphisms on the protein composition of ruminant milks

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Exon 4 and Promoter Regions of β- Lactoglobulin Gene in Native Cattle (Bos indicus) Breeds of India

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Different rates of synthesis of whey protein and casein by alleles of the β-lactoglobulin and αs1-casein locus in cattle

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of Protein Composition on the Cheese-Making Properties of Milk from Individual Dairy Cows

Effect of Protein Composition on the Cheese-Making Properties of Milk from Individual Dairy Cows

The impact of genetic polymorphisms on the protein composition of ruminant milks

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Exon 4 and Promoter Regions of β- Lactoglobulin Gene in Native Cattle (Bos indicus) Breeds of India

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Different rates of synthesis of whey protein and casein by alleles of the β-lactoglobulin and α_s1-casein locus in cattle