Different promoters for the Anabaena glutamine synthetase gene during growth using molecular or fixed nitrogen

Tumer, Nilgun E.; Robinson, Steven J.; Haselkorn, Robert

doi:10.1038/306337a0

Cited by 221 publications

(162 citation statements)

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“…PCC 7120 [25]. Glutamine synthetase has a role in the ammonium incorporation into carbon skeletons independently of the nitrogen source used for growth, but higher levels of glutamine synthetase are found in cells grown using nitrate or dinitrogen than in ammonium grown cells [1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, as a positive control, a DNA fragment carrying an NtcAactivated promoter of the Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 glnA gene (the promoter that corresponds to the glnA RNA I [8,25]) was also included. As a source of NtcA, an extract of an E. coli strain over-expressing the strain PCC 7120 ntcA gene was used.…”

Section: Binding Of Ntcamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oligonucleotides NH1 and NH3 (see above) and plasmid pCSAV57 were used in the case of the nifH promoter region. For the glnA promoter region, oligonucleotides GA3 (5P-GGATTTTATGT-CAAAGTTGACCCC-3P, corresponding to positions 3238^3215 relative to the translation start of glnA) and GA6 (5P-CGAAA-CAAAGTTGATGAC-3P, complementary to positions 370^387 relative to the translation start of glnA) and plasmid pAN503 [25] were used. Binding assays were carried out as described [26] using as a source of NtcA, a cell-free extract (1.4 Wg of protein) of E. coli BL21 (DE3) (pREP-4) in which NtcA from Anabaena sp.…”

Section: Band Shift Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Constitutive and nitrogen‐regulated promoters of the petH gene encoding ferredoxin:NADP⁺ reductase in the heterocyst‐forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp

et al. 1999

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Determination of the putative transcription start points of the petH gene encoding ferredoxin:NADP reductase in the heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria Anabaena sp. PCC 7119 and PCC 7120 showed that this gene is transcribed from two promoters, one constitutively used under different conditions of nitrogen nutrition and the other one used in cells subjected to nitrogen stepdown and in nitrogen-fixing filaments. The latter promoter, whose use was NtcA-dependent but HetR-independent, was functional in heterocysts. The N-control transcriptional regulator NtcA was observed to bind in vitro to this promoter. For the sake of comparison, the transcription start points of the nifHDK operon in strain PCC 7120 and binding of NtcA to the nifHDK promoter were also examined.z 1999 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Binding Of Ntcamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Band Shift Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Constitutive and nitrogen‐regulated promoters of the petH gene encoding ferredoxin:NADP⁺ reductase in the heterocyst‐forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp

et al. 1999

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“…Repression of nitrogenase leads to a lowering of the concentration of GS in heterocysts to a concentration similar to that in vegetative cells (Renstro$ m-Kellner et al, 1990). There is a similarity between nif promoters and one of the two glnA promoters, which is used for transcription under N-limiting conditions (Tumer et al, 1983). Thus, a common effector might control the expression of both.…”

Section: Modifications Of the Cyanobiontmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tansley Review No. 116

2000

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Summary 449 I. INTRODUCTION 450 II. THE PARTNERS 451 1. Cyanobionts and their role 451 2. Hosts and their role 453 3. Location of cyanobionts in their hosts 455 III. INITIATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SYMBIOSES 458 1. Initiation of symbioses 458 2. Geosiphon pyriforme 458 3. Cyanolichens 459 4. Liverworts and hornworts 460 5. Azolla 460 6. Cycads 461 7. Gunnera 461 IV. THE SYMBIOSES 462 1. Geographical distribution and ecological significance 462 2. Benefits to the partners 462 (a) Benefits to the cyanobionts 462 (b) Benefits to the hosts 463 3. Duration and stability 463 4. Mode of transmission and perpetuation 463 5. Recognition between the partners 464 6. Specificity and diversity 464 7. Symbiosis‐related genes 465 8. Modifications of the cyanobiont 466 (a) Growth and morphology 466 (b) Photosynthesis and carbon metabolism 467 (c) Glutamine synthetase 467 (d) Heterocysts 469 (e) N2fixation 470 9. Nutrient exchange 471 (a) Carbon 471 (b) Nitrogen 472 V. EVOLUTIONARY ASPECTS 472 VI. ARTIFICIAL SYMBIOSES 474 VII. FUTURE OUTLOOK AND PERSPECTIVES 475 1. Cryptic symbioses 476 2. Developmental profile of symbiotic tissues 476 3. Sensing and signalling 476 4. Genetic aspects 476 5. Physiological and biochemical aspects of nutrient exchange 477 6. Microaerobiosis 477 7. Potential applications 477 Acknowledgements 477 References 477 Cyanobacteria are an ancient, morphologically diverse group of prokaryotes with an oxygenic photosynthesis. Many cyanobacteria also possess the ability to fix N2. Although well suited to an independent existence in nature, some cyanobacteria occur in symbiosis with a wide range of hosts (protists, animals and plants). Among plants, such symbioses have independently evolved in phylogenetically diverse genera belonging to the algae, fungi, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms. These are N2‐fixing symbioses involving heterocystous cyanobacteria, particularly Nostoc, as cyanobionts (cyanobacterial partners). A given host species associates with only a particular cyanobiont genus but such specificity does not extend to the strain level. The cyanobiont is located under a microaerobic environment in a variety of host organs and tissues (bladder, thalli and cephalodia in fungi; cavities in gametophytes of hornworts and liverworts or fronds of the Azolla sporophyte; coralloid roots in cycads; stem glands in Gunnera). Except for fungi, the hosts form these structures ahead of the cyanobiont infection. The symbiosis lasts for one generation except in Azolla and diatoms, in which it is perpetuated from generation to generation. Within each generation, multiple fresh infections occur as new symbiotic tissues and organs develop. The symbioses are stable over a wide range of environmental conditions, and sensing–signalling between partners ensures their synchronized growth and development. The cyanobiont population is kept constant in relation to the host biomass through controlled initiation and infection, nutrient supply and cell division. In most cases, the partners have remaine...

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“…1). Possible cytosine and thymine bases were not included for either of the lcucine residues because examination of their codon usage in five other Anabaena genes (nifD [30], nifH [31], nifk' [32], rhcA [33] andglnA [34]) revealed a usage frequency of less than 15% for the relevant codons. The possible adenine at the third base of the isoleucine codon was also not included for similar reasons.…”

Section: Isolation Of a Cylindrica Dna Containing Sequences Identicamentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble hydrogenase of Anabaena cylindrica

Ewart

Reed

Smith

1990

European Journal of Biochemistry

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A gene potentially encoding a subunit of the soluble hydrogenase of Anabaena cylindrica was isolated from a genomic library by screening with a set of redundant oligonucleotides, the sequence of which was deduced from the amino acid sequence of the purified hydrogenase subunit that catalyses tritium exchange. The nucleotide sequence of the potential gene was determined from two overlapping DNA fragments spanning 7237 bp of the A . cylindrica genome. The region sequenced contained an open reading frame encoding a protein of 383 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 41 108 Da. The NH,-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme, determined by Edman degradation, corresponds exactly with that deduced from the nucleic acid sequence.No significant amino acid or nucleotide similarity is evident between this gene and the periplasmic hydrogenases from three species of Desuljovibrio (D. vulgaris, D. baculatus and D. gigas), or with the membrane-bound 'uptake' hydrogenases of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Rhodobacter capsulatus. This suggests that the soluble enzyme from cyanobacteria represents a discrete class of hydrogenase.The gene encoding the second subunit (m = 50 kDa) of the soluble hydrogenase, which is required for the catalysis of hydrogen production from dithionite-reduced methyl viologen [Ewart, G. D.

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Different promoters for the Anabaena glutamine synthetase gene during growth using molecular or fixed nitrogen

Cited by 221 publications

References 32 publications

Constitutive and nitrogen‐regulated promoters of the petH gene encoding ferredoxin:NADP⁺ reductase in the heterocyst‐forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp

Constitutive and nitrogen‐regulated promoters of the petH gene encoding ferredoxin:NADP⁺ reductase in the heterocyst‐forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp

Tansley Review No. 116

Soluble hydrogenase of Anabaena cylindrica

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Different promoters for the Anabaena glutamine synthetase gene during growth using molecular or fixed nitrogen

Cited by 221 publications

References 32 publications

Constitutive and nitrogen‐regulated promoters of the petH gene encoding ferredoxin:NADP+ reductase in the heterocyst‐forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp

Constitutive and nitrogen‐regulated promoters of the petH gene encoding ferredoxin:NADP+ reductase in the heterocyst‐forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp

Tansley Review No. 116

Soluble hydrogenase of Anabaena cylindrica

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Constitutive and nitrogen‐regulated promoters of the petH gene encoding ferredoxin:NADP⁺ reductase in the heterocyst‐forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp

Constitutive and nitrogen‐regulated promoters of the petH gene encoding ferredoxin:NADP⁺ reductase in the heterocyst‐forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp