Different prevalences of Renibacterium salmoninarum detected by ELISA in Alaskan chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha spawned from freshwater and seawater

Meyers, Theodore R.; Thrower, Frank P.; Short, S.; Lipson, Kenneth E.; Joyce, John; Farrington, C.; Doherty, Susan K.

doi:10.3354/dao035101

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…One study 20 indicated that R. salmoninarum antigens were detectable at high amounts by the ELISA for .110 days in kidneys of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) injected intraperitoneally with a bacterin composed of killed R. salmoninarum cells with or without adjuvant; this phenomenon made it impossible to distinguish live bacteria of the challenge strain from dead bacteria of the bacterin strain. Results of another study 12 further suggested that fish might be able to absorb soluble R. salmoninarum antigen from the surrounding water, resulting in positive ELISA results in fish that are not actually infected with the bacterium.…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection and Quantification of Renibacterium Salmoninarum DNA in Salmonid Tissues by Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis

2006

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Abstract. Renibacterium salmoninarum is an important salmonid pathogen that is difficult to culture. We developed and assessed a real-time, quantitative, polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for the detection and enumeration of R. salmoninarum. The qPCR is based on TaqMan technology and amplifies a 69-base pair (bp) region of the gene encoding the major soluble antigen (MSA) of R. salmoninarum. The qPCR assay consistently detected as few as 5 R. salmoninarum cells per reaction in kidney tissue. The specificity of the qPCR was confirmed by testing the DNA extracts from a panel of microorganisms that were either common fish pathogens or reported to cause false-positive reactions in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Kidney samples from 38 juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in a naturally infected population were examined by real-time qPCR, a nested PCR, and ELISA, and prevalences of R. salmoninarum detected were 71, 66, and 71%, respectively. The qPCR should be a valuable tool for evaluating the R. salmoninarum infection status of salmonids.

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confidence: 99%

Detection and Quantification of Renibacterium Salmoninarum DNA in Salmonid Tissues by Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis

2006

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“…In a similar study, rainbow trout were more resistant to Rs challenge than chum and coho salmon (Sakai et al 1991). This resistance to Rs may have evolved in nonanadromous species as a result of their continual existence in freshwater, where natural exposure and transmission of Rs bacteria are most likely to occur (Meyers et al 1999). Similar long-term adaption to the Rs organism with high prevalences of antigen but no clinical signs of BKD has also been described for Icelandic nonanadromous wild Arctic char and brown trout Salmo trutta (Jonsdottir et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Retrospective Analysis of Antigen Prevalences ofRenibacterium salmoninarum(Rs) Detected by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay in Alaskan Pacific Salmon and Trout from 1988 to 2000 and Management of Rs in Hatchery Chinook and Coho Salmon

Meyers

Korn

Glass

et al. 2003

Journal of Aquatic Animal Health

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Five species of anadromous Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. and eight species of nonanadromous fish, including trouts Oncorhynchus and Salvelinus spp., Arctic char S. alpinus, and Arctic grayling Thymallus arcticus (collectively called ''trout''), from Alaskan waters were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for annual and total prevalences of Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs) from 1988 to 2000. The total prevalence of Rs antigen was lower among the Pacific salmon and highest among the nonanadromous salmonid species grouped as ''trout'' that were residents in many of the watersheds. These trout species were likely reservoirs of Rs infection for many of the wild and hatchery stocks of Pacific salmon. Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha and coho salmon O. kisutch comprised 80% of the salmon database, and 45% of these two species were hatchery broodstocks at four facilities where eggs were routinely culled from Rspositive parent fish. The cyclical occurrences of Rs antigen in the coho and Chinook salmon data sets were remarkably similar and, when combined, were opposite from several of the major peaks and declines observed in the next largest data set, that for sockeye salmon O. nerka. Routine culling of eggs from Rs-positive parent fish supplemented with occasional prophylactic erythromycin therapy appeared to provide some success in Rs management for the three Chinook and two coho salmon hatchery stocks examined. The overall Rs prevalences in spawned adult fish were lower than (or at least not amplified above) those for the remaining coho and Chinook salmon stocks in the database, and no significant epizootics of bacterial kidney disease occurred in progeny fish during juvenile rearing.

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“…(e.g. Mitchum et al 1979;Pascho, Elliott & Achord 1993;Elliott, Pascho & Palmisano 1995;Elliott et al 1997;Meyers et al 1999;Purcell et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of Renibacterium salmoninarum antigens in resident and anadromous salmonids in the River Ellidaár system in Iceland

Kristmundsson

Árnason

Guðmundsdóttir

et al. 2015

Journal of Fish Diseases

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In relation to stock enhancement programmes, wild salmon broodfish have been routinely screened for the presence of Renibacterium salmoninarum antigens (Rs-Ag) for decades. A sudden increase in the prevalence of Rs-Ag experienced caused extensive problems to this industry as eggs from positive fish are discarded. The prevalence and level of Rs-Ag were examined in resident and anadromous salmonids in the River Ellidaár system and the progress of Rs-Ag in a cohort of salmon followed. Both prevalence and Rs-Ag levels were high in resident salmonids and emigrating salmon smolts in the river system. When the smolts re-entered their home river as adults the following summer, they were almost free of Rs-Ag, but the longer they stayed in the river, the more Rs-Ag they acquired; the majority being positive at spawning. This study demonstrates a high level of Rs-Ag in salmonids in the River Ellidaár system which significantly reduces in the salmon during its seawater phase. Accordingly, it seems ideal to sample salmon broodfish as soon as possible after ascending the river and subsequently transfer to Rs-free environment for storage until stripping, which could result in lower Rs-prevalence and minimize the problems that stock enhancement programmes have faced due to Rs-positive wild broodfish.

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Different prevalences of Renibacterium salmoninarum detected by ELISA in Alaskan chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha spawned from freshwater and seawater

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Detection and Quantification of Renibacterium Salmoninarum DNA in Salmonid Tissues by Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis

Detection and Quantification of Renibacterium Salmoninarum DNA in Salmonid Tissues by Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis

Retrospective Analysis of Antigen Prevalences ofRenibacterium salmoninarum(Rs) Detected by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay in Alaskan Pacific Salmon and Trout from 1988 to 2000 and Management of Rs in Hatchery Chinook and Coho Salmon

Levels of Renibacterium salmoninarum antigens in resident and anadromous salmonids in the River Ellidaár system in Iceland

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