Different patterns of postprandial lipoprotein metabolism in normal, type IIa, type III, and type IV hyperlipoproteinemic individuals. Effects of treatment with cholestyramine and gemfibrozil.

Weintraub, Moshe; Eisenberg, Shlomo; Breslow, Jan L.

doi:10.1172/jci112926

Cited by 268 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…A positive correlation between fasting plasma triglyceride concentrations and postprandial lipemia has been found in several previous studies, 17 and Weintraub et al 18 reported greatly elevated postprandial lipemia in men with fasting triglyceride concentrations between 315 and 2,758 mg • dl" 1 (mean, 808±679 mg • dr 1 )-In the present study, the hypertriglyceridemic group was limited to individuals with apparently mild defects in triglyceride metabolism. In this group postprandial plasma triglyceride excursions were highly heterogeneous, and in some individuals the magnitude of postprandial lipemia was clearly well within the normal range.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Normal postprandial lipemia in men with low plasma HDL concentrations.

Cohen

Grundy

1992

Arterioscler Thromb

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To examine the relation between postprandial lipemia and high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations, we measured the plasma triglyceride and retinyl palmitate responses to SO-g fat meals of 1) 25 men with low HDL cholesterol concentrations (<36 mg • dl" 1 ) and normal fasting triglyceride concentrations, 2) 25 men with normal HDL cholesterol (>40 mg • dl" 1 ) and normal fasting triglyceride concentrations, and 3) 20 men with mild to moderate fasting hypertriglyceridemia (250-347 mg • dl" 1 ). The average magnitude of postprandial lipemia induced by the fat meals was markedly higher in the hypertriglyceridemic men (593 ±311 mg -dl" 1 • 8 hr) than in either of the normolipidemic groups. In nonnotriglyceridemic men with low HDL cholesterol, mean postprandial lipemia (303±158 mg • dl" 1 • 8 hr) was similar to the corresponding value of men with normal HDL (283±130 mg -dl"' • 8 hr). Postprandial plasma retinyl palmitate concentrations, which reflect chylomicron remnant metabolism, also were similar in normal-HDL and low-HDL groups. These data suggest that defects in chylomicron-triglyceride clearance that give rise to excess postprandial lipemia are not a common occurrence in normolipidemic men with low HDL cholesterol concentrations. Accordingly, the low HDL cholesterol concentrations measured in the normotriglyceridemic men in this study must be attributable to factors other than an exaggerated postprandial lipemia. ( . Because coronary heart disease remains a primary cause of morbidity in Western populations, the factors that determine the plasma concentrations of HDL have become a subject of considerable medical interest. Observations in patients with genetic deficiency states of hepatic lipase, 2 lipoprotein lipase, 3 cholesterol ester transfer protein, 4 -5 and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase 6 have revealed an important role for each of these enzymes in HDL metabolism, but the extent to which HDL concentrations are modulated by physiological variations in the activities of these enzymes is not known.The metabolism of HDL is closely linked to the intravascular processing of the trigryceride-rich lipoproteins. 7 This relation is illustrated by the lipoprotein profiles of people with hypertriglyceridemia, which are characterized by low HDL cholesterol concentrations, 8 and by epidemiological studies, which have consistently indicated a negative correlation between HDL and fasting plasma triglyceride concentrations. In most studies the correlation coefficient between these parameters is too low to indicate triglyceride levels as the primary determinant of HDL concentrations. 9 However, because most people spend much of each day in a postprandial state, measurements of fasting plasma triglyceride concentrations may not be an accurate reflection of the average 24-hour triglyceride level. Indeed, considerably stronger correlation coefficients have been reported between HDL concentrations (particularly HDL 2 ) and measurements of triglyceride levels in the postprandial state. 1011 Accordingly, it has been post...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Normal postprandial lipemia in men with low plasma HDL concentrations.

Cohen

Grundy

1992

Arterioscler Thromb

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“…The classical and widely used way is to add retinol (vitamin A) into the test meal (20-50 000 IU) and to assay retinol palmitate in total plasma (or separately TRL and non-TRL fractions) (Weintraub et al, 1987(Weintraub et al, , 1988Cohn et al, 1993;Karpe et al, 1995;Guerci et al, 2001). Indeed, retinol palmitate is specifically accumulated and secreted into native chylomicrons and minor exchanges with other kinds of lipoproteins are thought to occur.…”

Section: Chylomicrons Remnantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because all classes of lipoproteins are interrelated, every kind of lipoprotein can be altered postprandially (Patsch et al, 1983;Weintraub et al, 1987;Cohn et al, 1988a, b;Karpe et al, 1993Karpe et al, , 1995Dubois et al, 1994Dubois et al, , 1998. If the full pattern of lipoprotein parameters, including LDL and HDL particles, is required, these can be separated from plasma samples by a more prolonged ultracentrifugation and components assayed (triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipidsapolipoproteins).…”

Section: Ldl and Hdlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodology for studying postprandial lipid metabolism

2007

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Background: Postprandial lipid metabolism in humans has deserved much attention during the last two decades. Although fasting lipid and lipoprotein parameters reflect body homeostasis to some extent, the transient lipid and lipoprotein accumulation that occurs in the circulation after a fat-containing meal highlights the individual capacity to handle an acute fat input. An exacerbated postprandial accumulation of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in the circulation has been associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. Methods: The important number of studies published in this field raises the question of the methodology used for such postprandial studies, as reviewed. Results: Based on our experiences, the present review reports and discuss the numerous methodological issues involved to serve as a basis for further works. These aspects include aims of the postprandial tests, size and nutrient composition of the test meals and background diets, pre-test conditions, characteristics of subjects involved, timing of sampling, suitable markers of postprandial lipid metabolism and calculations. Conclusion: In conclusion, we stress the need for standardization of postprandial tests.

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“…Estimates of the interindividual variability (SDs) of triglycerides and vitamin A responses, namely AUC, were expressed in brackets as CV%. The 0±7 h area under the curves (AUCs) were calculated by the trapezoidal method (Dubois et al, 1994;Weintraub et al, 1987). The statistical signi®cance (P`0.05) of the differences found, between the four test meals (individual time-points of AUCs) or between the 0±7 h time points values for a given test-meal, were assessed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for paired values (Winner, 1971).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Sf b1000 fraction containing CMs plus large CM-remnants (CMRs) was isolated as usually done from a 2 mL serum layered under 3 mL 0.9% NaCl by ultracentrifugation at 10 C (24 000 6 g for 1 h, 1.6 6 10 6 6 g min) in a Beckman (Palo Alto, CA) 40.3 rotor (Dubois et al, 1994;Weintraub et al, 1987). Note that the Svedberg¯otation unit (Sf) is expressed in Svedberg (S) 6 10 713 s and that a Sf b1000 value correspond to particles of d`0.96 g/mL, namely CMs and their large CMRs.…”

Section: Analytical Determinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary triglycerides, up to 40 g/meal, do not affect preformed vitamin A bioavailability in humans

Borel¹,

Dubois

Mekki

et al. 1997

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: Assessing the effect of the dose of dietary triglycerides on preformed vitamin A (retinyl esters) bioavailability in humans. Design: Four test meals containing 15 000 RE retinyl-palmitate and either 0, 15, 30 or 40 g added triglycerides were ingested by eight healthy volunteers, at different days and in a randomized order. Setting: The study was done in the Hospital Sainte Marguerite, Marseille, France. Subjects: Eight healthy male volunteers were recruited by advertisement. Intervention: Blood samples were collected every hour for seven hours after the test meals intake. Serum and chylomicron (Svedberg¯otation unit b 1000) were prepared by centrifugation and retinyl esters were measured by HPLC. Results: The serum retinyl ester response was not signi®cantly lower after the intake of the meal without added triglycerides (7944 AE 3262 nmol/L h) than after the intake of the fat meals (10012 AE 2182, 7869 AE 3157 and 10777 AE 2067 nmol/L h for the 15, 30 and 40 g-fat meal, respectively), indicating that the serum retinyl ester response was not related to the amount of meal triglycerides. Chylomicron retinyl linoleate response stepwise increased when the amount of meal triglycerides increased while retinyl palmitate and retinyl stearate responses reached a maximum since 15 g triglycerides. Postprandial serum retinol concentration did not change whatever the meal ingested. Conclusions: (i) a signi®cant amount of preformed vitamin A is apparently absorbed when ingested with trace amount of meal triglycerides only; (ii) meal triglycerides, up to 40 g/meal, do not increase preformed vitamin A bioavailability; (iii) the retinyl ester pattern recovered in the chylomicrons, and probably the esteri®cation process of retinol, is affected by the amount of meal triglycerides; (iv) postprandial retinol homeostasis is not affected by dietary triglycerides.

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Different patterns of postprandial lipoprotein metabolism in normal, type IIa, type III, and type IV hyperlipoproteinemic individuals. Effects of treatment with cholestyramine and gemfibrozil.

Cited by 268 publications

References 55 publications

Normal postprandial lipemia in men with low plasma HDL concentrations.

Normal postprandial lipemia in men with low plasma HDL concentrations.

Methodology for studying postprandial lipid metabolism

Dietary triglycerides, up to 40 g/meal, do not affect preformed vitamin A bioavailability in humans

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