Different Neutralization Profiles After Primary SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 Infections

Medits, Iris; Springer, David Niklas; Graninger, Marianne; Camp, Jeremy V.; Höltl, Eva; Aberle, Stephan W.; Traugott, Marianna; Hoepler, Wolfgang; Deutsch, Josef; Lammel, Oliver; Borsodi, Christian; Puchhammer‐Stöckl, Elisabeth; Zoufaly, Alexander; Weseslindtner, Lukas; Aberle, Judith H.; Stiasny, Karin

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.946318

Cited by 31 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…41 Throughout our study, there was a striking rate of Omicron breakthrough infections in 22 of 69 KTRs (32%). Neutralizing antibodies against the Delta and wild-type variants before and after infection increased to higher levels than against the Omicron variant, which in part mirrors results by Medits et al, 42 who examined patients after breakthrough infections with the Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.2 and showed the cross-neutralization activity of thewild-type and Delta variants, as well as neutralization of both the Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.2. Kliker et al 43 showed that patients with BA.1 breakthrough infections showed less neutralizing antibody activity against the BA.4 and BA.5 Omicron subvariants, as has been reported by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Immune Response to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Previous Nonresponder Kidney Transplant Recipients After Short-term Withdrawal of Mycophenolic Acid 1 and 3 Months After an Additional Vaccine Dose

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background. The impaired immune response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) leads to an urgent need for adapted immunization strategies. Methods. Sixty-nine KTRs without seroconversion after ≥3 COVID-19 vaccinations were enrolled, and humoral response was determined after an additional full-dose mRNA-1273 vaccination by measuring severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2–specific antibodies and neutralizing antibody activity against the Delta and Omicron variants 1 and 3 mo postvaccination. T-cell response was analyzed 3 mo postvaccination by assessing interferon-γ release. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) was withdrawn in 41 KTRs 1 wk before until 4 wk after vaccination to evaluate effects on immunogenicity. Graft function, changes in donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies, and donor-derived cell-free DNA were monitored in KTRs undergoing MPA withdrawal. Results. Humoral response to vaccination was significantly stronger in KTRs undergoing MPA withdrawal 1 mo postvaccination; however, overall waning humoral immunity was noted in all KTRs 3 mo after vaccination. Higher anti-S1 immunoglobulin G levels correlated with better neutralizing antibody activity against the Delta and Omicron variants, whereas no significant association was detected between T-cell response and neutralizing antibody activity. No rejection occurred during study, and graft function remained stable in KTRs undergoing MPA withdrawal. In 22 KTRs with Omicron variant breakthrough infections, neutralizing antibody activity was better against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 wild-type and the Delta variants than against the Omicron variant. Conclusions. MPA withdrawal to improve vaccine responsiveness should be critically evaluated because withdrawing MPA may be associated with enhanced alloimmune response, and the initial effect of enhanced seroconversion rates in KTRs with MPA withdrawal disappears 3 mo after vaccination.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Immune Response to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Previous Nonresponder Kidney Transplant Recipients After Short-term Withdrawal of Mycophenolic Acid 1 and 3 Months After an Additional Vaccine Dose

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Studies of children who have been infected with pre-Omicron SARS-CoV-2 virus or have undergone vaccination reveals relatively low antibody binding to Omicron, in a similar pattern to that seen in adults ( 1 , 7 – 9 ). Less is known regarding the nature of the immune response elicited by primary Omicron infection in this age group, although low antibody responses have been reported (12) and concur with similar findings in adults ( 10 , 11 ). Prior infection status with pre-Omicron variants is also suggested to be an important determinant of response to Omicron in adults ( 7 , 11 , 12 ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Immunological imprinting of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in children

Dowell

Lancaster

Bruton

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is now globally dominant but despite high prevalence little is known regarding the immune response in children. We determined the antibody and cellular immune response following Omicron infection in children aged 6-14 years and related this to prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination status. Primary Omicron infection elicited a weak antibody response and only 53% of children developed detectable neutralising antibodies. In contrast, children with secondary Omicron infection following prior infection with a pre-Omicron variant developed 24-fold higher antibody titres and neutralisation of Omicron. Vaccination elicited the highest levels of antibody response and was also strongly immunogenic following prior natural infection with Omicron. Cellular responses against Omicron were robust and broadly equivalent in all study groups. These data reveal that primary Omicron infection elicits a weak humoral immune response in children and may presage a clinical profile of recurrent infection as seen with antecedent seasonal coronaviruses. Vaccination may represent the most effective approach to control infection whilst cellular immunity should offer strong clinical protection.

show abstract

“…In contrast, individuals who had been previously immunized with vaccines containing ancestral strains of SARS-CoV-2 were expected to generate antibody responses toward the ancestral viral strains and decreased antibody responses to the Alpha or Delta variant ( 31 ). Recent studies have illustrated the mechanism of activating the pre-existing immune response to the Omicron infection ( 97 – 99 ). One study performed a detailed analysis of the specificity, function, and genetic features of memory B-cells (MBCs) following the Omicron infection.…”

Section: Immune Imprinting Predetermines the Ve Against The Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune interference in effectiveness of influenza and COVID-19 vaccination

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vaccines are known to function as the most effective interventional therapeutics for controlling infectious diseases, including polio, smallpox, rabies, tuberculosis, influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Smallpox has been eliminated completely and polio is almost extinct because of vaccines. Rabies vaccines and Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccines could effectively protect humans against respective infections. However, both influenza vaccines and COVID-19 vaccines are unable to eliminate these two infectious diseases of their highly variable antigenic sites in viral proteins. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) could be negatively influenced (i.e., interfered with) by immune imprinting of previous infections or vaccinations, and repeated vaccinations could interfere with VE against infections due to mismatch between vaccine strains and endemic viral strains. Moreover, VE could also be interfered with when more than one kind of vaccine is administrated concomitantly (i.e., co-administrated), suggesting that the VE could be modulated by the vaccine-induced immunity. In this review, we revisit the evidence that support the interfered VE result from immune imprinting or repeated vaccinations in influenza and COVID-19 vaccine, and the interference in co-administration of these two types of vaccines is also discussed. Regarding the development of next-generation COVID-19 vaccines, the researchers should focus on the induction of cross-reactive T-cell responses and naive B-cell responses to overcome negative effects from the immune system itself. The strategy of co-administrating influenza and COVID-19 vaccine needs to be considered more carefully and more clinical data is needed to verify this strategy to be safe and immunogenic.

show abstract

Different Neutralization Profiles After Primary SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 Infections

Cited by 31 publications

References 43 publications

Immune Response to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Previous Nonresponder Kidney Transplant Recipients After Short-term Withdrawal of Mycophenolic Acid 1 and 3 Months After an Additional Vaccine Dose

Immune Response to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Previous Nonresponder Kidney Transplant Recipients After Short-term Withdrawal of Mycophenolic Acid 1 and 3 Months After an Additional Vaccine Dose

Immunological imprinting of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in children

Immune interference in effectiveness of influenza and COVID-19 vaccination

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About