Different molecular mechanisms of HTLV-1 and HIV LTR activation by TPA

Jabareen, Azhar; Suleman, Manal; Abu-Jaafar, Aya; Huleihel, Mahmoud

doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.062

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Concerning HIV-1, it has been established that PKC stimulates NF-κB signaling, thereby inducing transcription. In contrast, activation of HTLV-1 transcription is not mediated by NF-κB but instead displays an involvement of Sp1, p53, and CREB upon TPA-treatment [ 63 , 242 , 243 ].…”

Section: Other Strategies To Reactivate Htlv-1 From Latencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Latency Reversing Agents: Kick and Kill of HTLV-1?

Schnell

Kohrt

Thoma-Kress

2021

IJMS

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Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), the cause of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), is a retrovirus, which integrates into the host genome and persistently infects CD4+ T-cells. Virus propagation is stimulated by (1) clonal expansion of infected cells and (2) de novo infection. Viral gene expression is induced by the transactivator protein Tax, which recruits host factors like positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) to the viral promoter. Since HTLV-1 gene expression is repressed in vivo by viral, cellular, and epigenetic mechanisms in late phases of infection, HTLV-1 avoids an efficient CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) response directed against the immunodominant viral Tax antigen. Hence, therapeutic strategies using latency reversing agents (LRAs) sought to transiently activate viral gene expression and antigen presentation of Tax to enhance CTL responses towards HTLV-1, and thus, to expose the latent HTLV-1 reservoir to immune destruction. Here, we review strategies that aimed at enhancing Tax expression and Tax-specific CTL responses to interfere with HTLV-1 latency. Further, we provide an overview of LRAs including (1) histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) and (2) activators of P-TEFb, that have mainly been studied in context of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but which may also be powerful in the context of HTLV-1.

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Section: Other Strategies To Reactivate Htlv-1 From Latencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Latency Reversing Agents: Kick and Kill of HTLV-1?

Schnell

Kohrt

Thoma-Kress

2021

IJMS

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“…PKC is involved in the regulation of various cellular functions such as proliferation, cell death, gene transcription, and translation. PKC activators induce the activation of transcription factors such as NF-kB and Tat, which further bind to HIV LTR and activate HIV mRNA transcription [54][55][56] . Additionally, PKC activators can downregulate the expression of the cell surface receptors in PBMCs, including that of CD4, CXCR4, and CCR5 [47,57] .…”

Section: Hmt Inhibitors (Hmtis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural products against HIV latency

Otsuki

Zhang

Wei

2021

Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine

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Antiretroviral therapy has achieved great success in suppressing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication and transforming HIV infection from a fatal disease to a manageable chronic disease. However, the latent HIV reservoir persists in the body of HIV-infected individuals and is prone to reactivation. Therefore, the development of new treatment methods aimed at a complete cure for HIV is needed. The leading strategy for HIV eradication is based on eliminating and preventing the reactivation of latent reservoirs through an approach known as “shock and kill.” This strategy involves the use of latency-reversing agents (LRAs) to activate the HIV provirus in latent viral reservoir cells. Many LRAs can be obtained from natural resources, including plants and marine organisms. In this review, we provide an overview of natural products used to eliminate HIV latency.

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The CREB Regulated Transcription Coactivator 2 Suppresses HIV-1 Transcription by Preventing RNA Pol II from Binding to HIV-1 LTR

Chen

Wang

et al. 2021

Virol. Sin.

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Different molecular mechanisms of HTLV-1 and HIV LTR activation by TPA

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Latency Reversing Agents: Kick and Kill of HTLV-1?

Latency Reversing Agents: Kick and Kill of HTLV-1?

Natural products against HIV latency

The CREB Regulated Transcription Coactivator 2 Suppresses HIV-1 Transcription by Preventing RNA Pol II from Binding to HIV-1 LTR

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