Different Methods and Formulations of Drugs and Vaccines for Nasal Administration

Abstract

Nasal drug delivery is advantageous when compared with other routes of drug delivery as it avoids the hepatic first-pass effect, blood–brain barrier penetration, and compliance issues with parenteral administration. However, nasal administration also has some limitations, such as its low bioavailability due to metabolism on the mucosal surface, and irreversible damage to the nasal mucosa due to the ingredients added into the formula. Moreover, the method of nasal administration is not applicable to all drugs. The current review presents the nasal anatomy and mucosal environment for the nasal delivery of vaccines and drugs, as well as presents various methods for enhancing nasal absorption, and different drug carriers and delivery devices to improve nasal drug delivery. It also presents future prospects on the nasal drug delivery of vaccines and drugs.

Systemic and brain delivery of antidiabetic peptides through nasal administration using cell-penetrating peptides

“…Nasal administration of drugs can direct the rapid systemic absorption of drugs by circumventing the hepatic first-pass metabolism and gastric degradation, allowing fast onset of pharmacological action ( Tai et al, 2022 ). In general, larger particles more than 10 μm accumulate in the respiratory area, whereas particles smaller than 5 μm can reach the lungs ( van Rijt et al, 2014 ).…”

Recent progress in drying technologies for improving the stability and delivery efficiency of biopharmaceuticals

“…In addition to the FDA-approved nasal vaccine, which is a liquid vaccine form, there is a growing interest in gel-based and dry powder vaccine formulations (Tai et al 2022 ). Although liquid form of vaccines has limitations including the chemical, physical, and thermal instability, solid dosage form of vaccines have the advantages of improved physicochemical stability, which omit the role of preservatives and cold chain circulation (Wang et al 2012 ; Tai et al 2022 ). Different devices must be applied to actively deliver the dry powder vaccine into the nasal cavity.…”

“…Different devices must be applied to actively deliver the dry powder vaccine into the nasal cavity. Until now, there is no FDA-approved dry powder vaccine for intranasal administration (Tai et al 2022 ), but an increasing number of preclinical and clinical studies are undergoing to investigate new strategies for dry powder delivery of vaccines (Wang et al 2012 ; Tai et al 2022 ). Intranasal vaccination using dry powder vaccines is an attractive, non-invasive strategy with improved stability and enhanced protection at the mucosal surfaces (Thakkar et al 2018 ).…”

Excipients Used for Modified Nasal Drug Delivery: A Mini-Review of the Recent Advances

“…As a result, nasal administration can be used to deliver proteins, and peptides, as well as medicines. Various carriers of different systems for nasal vaccine delivery include powders, gels, and solutions [ 59 ]. In this section, the excipients and methods used in the recent developments (2017–2022) in the modified release intranasal vaccines are reviewed and summarized, as shown in Table 3 .…”