Different levels of natural antibodies in chickens divergently selected for specific antibody responses

Parmentier, H.K.; Lammers, A.; Hoekman, Jan J; Reilingh, G. de Vries; Zaanen, Ilja T.A; Savelkoul, H.F.J.

doi:10.1016/s0145-305x(03)00087-9

Cited by 147 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The presence of natural antibodies in chicken sera has been demonstrated previously (17,21,26,31). These antibodies may be reactive to self or foreign antigens (5,17,24,26,32).…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

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Probiotics Stimulate Production of Natural Antibodies in Chickens

Haghighi

Gong

Gyles

et al. 2006

Clin Vaccine Immunol

233

124

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Commensal bacteria in the intestine play an important role in the development of immune response. These bacteria interact with cells of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT). Among cells of the GALT, B-1 cells are of note. These cells are involved in the production of natural antibodies. In the present study, we determined whether manipulation of the intestinal microbiota by administration of probiotics, which we had previously shown to enhance specific systemic antibody response, could affect the development of natural antibodies in the intestines and sera of chickens. Our findings demonstrate that when 1-day-old chicks were treated with probiotics, serum and intestinal antibodies reactive to tetanus toxoid (TT) and Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin in addition to intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) reactive to bovine serum albumin (BSA) were increased in unimmunized chickens. Moreover, IgG antibodies reactive to TT were increased in the intestines of probiotic-treated chickens compared to those of untreated controls. In serum, IgG and IgM reactive to TT and alpha-toxin were increased in probiotic-treated, unimmunized chickens compared to levels in untreated controls. However, no significant difference in serum levels of IgM or IgG response to BSA was observed. These results are suggestive of the induction of natural antibodies in probiotic-treated, unimmunized chickens. Elucidating the role of these antibodies in maintenance of the chicken immune system homeostasis and immune response to pathogens requires further investigation.

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“…The presence of natural antibodies in chicken sera has been demonstrated previously (17,21,26,31). These antibodies may be reactive to self or foreign antigens (5,17,24,26,32).…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…These antibodies may be reactive to self or foreign antigens (5,17,24,26,32). The function of natural antibodies in the chicken is not known, but there is an association between high specific antibody responsiveness and high levels of natural antibodies in serum (26,32).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics Stimulate Production of Natural Antibodies in Chickens

Haghighi

Gong

Gyles

et al. 2006

Clin Vaccine Immunol

233

124

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“…Thus, our turtles seem to have an increase in NAb, B-1-like immunity with age, but the specific, B-2-like response to LPS was not significantly impacted by age. While an increase in NAbs with age has been reported in mammals, birds and reptiles (Candore et al, 1997;Parmentier et ., 2004;Benatuil et al, 2008;Sparkman and Palacios, 2009;Ujvari and Madsen, 2011), studies in these same taxa have also reported a decrease in specific antibodies with age (Ujvari and Madsen, 2005;Lavoie, 2006;Frasca et al, 2008;Ujvari and Madsen, 2011). These studies on specific immune responses include a wide range of both T-dependent and T-independent antigens, including LPS.…”

Section: The Journal Of Experimental Biology 216 (4)mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These new assays, along with the ELISA that we have previously validated and the common practice of using blood smears to examine leukocyte populations, will allow us to gain a fuller understanding of humoral immune responses of sliders. A wide range of studies in a variety of vertebrate taxa, including mammals, birds and reptiles, have found that specific antibodies decrease with age while NAbs increase with age (Candore et al, 1997;Parmentier et al, 2004;Ujvari and Madsen, 2005;Lavoie, 2006;Benatuil et al, 2008;Frasca et al, 2008;Sparkman and Palacios, 2009;Ujvari and Madsen, 2011). This pattern, along with the typically slow and less-robust specific responses of reptiles, leads us to hypothesize that red-eared sliders utilize a predominantly NAbbased response, and thus would not show a deficit in humoral immune defenses with age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Humoral immune responses are maintained with age in a long-lived ectotherm, the red-eared slider turtle

Zimmerman

Clairardin

Paitz

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYAging is typically associated with a decrease in immune function. However, aging does not affect each branch of the immune system equally. Because of these varying effects of age on immune responses, aging could affect taxa differently based on how the particular taxon employs its resources towards different components of immune defense. An example of this is found in the humoral immune system. Specific responses tend to decrease with age while non-specific, natural antibody responses increase with age. Compared with mammals, reptiles of all ages have a slower and less robust humoral immune system. Therefore, they may invest more in non-specific responses and thus avoid the negative consequences of age on the immune system. We examined how the humoral immune system of reptiles is affected by aging and investigated the roles of non-specific, natural antibody responses and specific responses by examining several characteristics of antibodies against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the red-eared slider turtle. We found very little evidence of immunosenescence in the humoral immune system of the red-eared slider turtle, Trachemys scripta, which supports the idea that non-specific, natural antibody responses are an important line of defense in reptiles. Overall, this demonstrates that a taxonʼs immune strategy can influence how the immune system is affected by age.

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“…36 Several familiarity and genetic studies have indicated that heritable components control the serum levels of IgE, IgA and IgG [37][38][39] and identified a number of loci influencing total serum levels of these antibodies in humans. [40][41][42] There is also convincing evidence for parent-offspring effects and genetic heritability in human serum IgM levels [37][38][39] as well as evidence for genetic control of natural IgM titers in mammals, 43 birds 44 and fish. 45 However, no linkage evidence for quantitative trait loci influencing serum IgM has been reported and the genetics of the homeostatic regulation of serum IgM remains largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irf4 is a positional and functional candidate gene for the control of serum IgM levels in the mouse

et al. 2008

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Natural IgM are involved in numerous immunological functions but the genetic factors that control the homeostasis of its secretion and upholding remain unknown. Prompted by the finding that C57BL/6 mice had significantly lower serum levels of IgM when compared with BALB/c mice, we performed a genome-wide screen and found that the level of serum IgM was controlled by a QTL on chromosome 13 reaching the highest level of association at marker D13Mit266 (LOD score¼3.54). This locus was named IgMSC1 and covered a region encompassing the interferon-regulatory factor 4 gene (Irf4). The number of splenic mature B cells in C57BL/6 did not differ from BALB/c mice but we found that low serum levels of IgM in C57BL/6 mice correlated with lower frequency of IgM-secreting cells in the spleen and in the peritoneal cavity. These results suggested that C57BL/6 mice have lower efficiency in late B-cell maturation, a process that is highly impaired in Irf4 knockout mice. In fact, we also found reduced Irf4 gene expression in B cells of C57BL/6 mice. Thus, we propose Irf4 as a candidate for the IgMSC1 locus, which controls IgM homeostatic levels at the level of B-cell terminal differentiation

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Different levels of natural antibodies in chickens divergently selected for specific antibody responses

Cited by 147 publications

References 24 publications

Probiotics Stimulate Production of Natural Antibodies in Chickens

Probiotics Stimulate Production of Natural Antibodies in Chickens

Humoral immune responses are maintained with age in a long-lived ectotherm, the red-eared slider turtle

Irf4 is a positional and functional candidate gene for the control of serum IgM levels in the mouse

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