Different forms of brain acetylcholinesterase and muscarinic binding in Parkinson's disease

Altered Muscarinic and Nicotinic Receptor Densities in Cortical and Subcortical Brain Regions in Parkinson's Disease

“…ChAT activity in the caudate nucleus and putamen was unchanged in this and previous studies (Ruberg et al, 1982;Sirvio et al, 1989), indicating intact striatal cholinergic innervation. This corresponds with neuropathological findings that the striatum is generally free of lesions in Parkinson's disease (Jellinger, 1987).…”

“…Increased concentrations of the total number of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in Parkinson's disease have been described in previous reports (Ruberg et al, 1982;Sirvio et al, 1989). However, at least some of the patients examined in these studies had received anticholinergic drugs before death, and the increase in receptor numbers was possibly induced by the medication (Westlind et al,198 1).…”

“…A decrease in number of muscarinic MI receptors measured by specific [3H]pirenzepine binding was previously shown in another study (Sirvio et al, 1989). The connections between cholinergic interneurones and pathways to and from the striatum are not well understood.…”

Effect of (R)-Salsolinol and N-Methyl-(R)-Salsolinol on the Balance Impairment Between Dopamine and Acetylcholine in Rat Brain: Involvement in Pathogenesis of Parkinson Disease

“…Meanwhile, increasing evidence has shown that onset of PD correlates with reduced AChE activity in muscarinic receptors (35 ) and that organophosphorus exposure is linked to increased risk of PD with diminished AChE activity (36 ). The results of the present study force us to think in a new light regarding the possibility that the imbalance between DA and ACh, as a result of a cooperative role of dopaminergic and cholinergic systems, might be associated with the pathogenesis of PD.…”

Positron emission tomographic measurement of acetylcholinesterase activity reveals differential loss of ascending cholinergic systems in Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy

“…1 There is a loss of the ascending cholinergic system from the basal forebrain in PD, [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] in addition to degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. A loss of neurons in the nucleus basalis Meynert (nbM), [2][3][4][5] and a decrease of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) 6,7,10 and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) [7][8][9][10] in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, have been reported in postmortem brains of patients with PD. Cognitive dysfunction in PD might be attributed to a loss of the ascending cholinergic system from the basal forebrain to the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, 6 -10 although dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic systems are also implicated for the pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction in PD.…”