Different cytokines and Lipid Profile in Suicidal and Non Suicidal Adults with Major depression

Abstract

Background: Suicide is a substantial public health concern and one of the commonest cause of death throughout the world. In Iraq, the suicide rate is a current health problem exacerbated by the fact that it is a country suffered war and destruction in all fields of life. Objectives: We tested whether Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Interlukin-1β, and lipid profile might be associated with suicide attempts in adult patients with major depression. Methods: Plasma levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-1β, and lipid profile were analyzed in 60 adult patients with major depression diagnosed according to DSM-V criteria for Major depression (22 suicidal attempters and 38 patients without suicidal ideas), and 30 healthy controls.Results: At univariate analyses, plasma level of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha and Triglyceride were significantly higher in suicide attempters and non-suicidal attempter depressed patients than those of healthy control (all p<0.05), while the plasma level of Total Cholesterol and Low density lipoprotein among suicide attempters were significantly lower than those non-suicidal attempter depressed patients or healthy control subjects (p<0.05). Conclusions:With exception of TC and LDL, the results of the study do not concomitant with the supposition that pro inflammatory cytokines and lipids levels are associated with suicide attempts in adults with major depression. The effective biological markers identification in suicidal attempters still represents a challenge for future research.

Immune-Related Biomarkers and Suicidal Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis

“…3 B). TNF-α levels ( Coryell et al, 2018 ;Huang and Lee, 2007 ;Rasheed et al, 2019 ;Vai et al, 2021 ) also did not differ in MDD without SB compared with SB (k = 4, SMD = 0.03, 95% CI = −0.24 and 0.29, p < 0.17, I 2 = 31%, Fig. 3 C).…”

“…4 B). TNF-α was higher in patients with SB versus HC ( Conejero et al, 2019 ;Gananca et al, 2021 ;Huang and Lee, 2007 ;Jiang et al, 2022 ;Rasheed et al, 2019 ;Vai et al, 2021 ) (k = 6, SMD = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.04 to 1.84, p = 0.01, I 2 = 91%, Fig. 4 C).…”

“…3 C). Five studies ( Coryell et al, 2018( Coryell et al, , 2020Huang and Lee, 2007 ;Rasheed et al, 2019 ;Vai et al, 2021 ) examined IL-1 β in MDD with and without SB and the levels did not differ between groups (SMD = −0.19 95% CI = −0.59 and 0.22, p = 0.31, I 2 = 76%, Fig. 3 D).…”

Increased neurotoxicity due to activated immune-inflammatory and nitro-oxidative stress pathways in patients with suicide attempts: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Of those, another 5 were removed for reasons shown in ESF Table 5 and, therefore, the meta-analysis was performed on 51 studies. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]17,18,[38][39][40][41][42][43]45,47, and the systematic review on an additional 5 studies. [91][92][93][94][95] Overall, the meta-analysis reports data from 29 from mixed psychiatric disorders, and the others from schizophrenia, adjustment disorders, or other psychiatric disorders not including mood disorders.…”

“…5 There is robust evidence that major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia are accompanied by activation of the immune-inflammatory response system (IRS) and activation of the compensatory immune-regulatory reflex system (CIRS), which downregulates an overzealous IRS. 6,7 IRS biomarkers include interleukin (IL)-1β 8,9 , IL-6 8,10 , IL-8 11 ; interferon gamma (IFN-γ) 12,13 ; tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) 9,10 ; neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio (NLR) 14 ; chemokines 15 ; etc. ), and CIRS biomarkers, e.g.…”