Different colour morphs of the poison frog <i>Andinobates bombetes</i> (Dendrobatidae) are similarly effective visual predator deterrents

Casas‐Cardona, Santiago; Márquez, Roberto; Vargas‐Salinas, Fernando

doi:10.1111/eth.12729

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…The fitness of aposematic prey increases with density [18,19], meaning that colonization of novel environments (or any area with low population density) could be less likely in aposematic lineages. Field studies have also shown that local colour phenotypes in aposematic species (familiar to predators) suffer lower predation rates compared with novel phenotypes [60][61][62]; although see [31,63,64]. Aposematism could restrict dispersal between populations of the same species that have diverged phenotypically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-predator defences are linked with high levels of genetic differentiation in frogs

Medina,

Dong,

Marquez

et al. 2024

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Predator–prey interactions have been suggested as drivers of diversity in different lineages, and the presence of anti-predator defences in some clades is linked to higher rates of diversification. Warning signals are some of the most widespread defences in the animal world, and there is evidence of higher diversification rates in aposematic lineages. The mechanisms behind such species richness, however, are still unclear. Here, we test whether lineages that use aposematism as anti-predator defence exhibit higher levels of genetic differentiation between populations, leading to increased opportunities for divergence. We collated from the literature more than 3000 pairwise genetic differentiation values across more than 700 populations from over 60 amphibian species. We find evidence that over short geographical distances, populations of species of aposematic lineages exhibit greater genetic divergence relative to species that are not aposematic. Our results support a scenario where the use of warning signals could restrict gene flow, and suggest that anti-predator defences could impact divergence between populations and potentially have effects at a macro-evolutionary scale.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-predator defences are linked with high levels of genetic differentiation in frogs

Medina,

Dong,

Marquez

et al. 2024

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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show abstract

“…although see [31,61,62]. Aposematism could restrict dispersal between populations of the same species that have diverged phenotypically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-predator defenses are linked with high levels of genetic differentiation in frogs

Medina¹,

Dong²,

Márquez³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Predator-prey interactions have been suggested as drivers of diversity in different lineages, and the presence of anti-predator defences in some clades is linked to higher rates of diversification. Warning signals are some of the most widespread defenses in the animal world, and there is evidence of higher diversification rates in aposematic lineages. The mechanisms behind such species richness, however, are still unclear. Here, we test whether lineages that use aposematism as anti-predator defense exhibit higher levels of genetic differentiation between populations, leading to increased opportunities for divergence. We collated from the literature > 3,000 pairwise genetic differentiation values across more than 700 populations from over 60 amphibian species. We find evidence that, given the same geographic distance, populations of species of aposematic lineages exhibit greater genetic divergence relative to species that are not aposematic. Our results support a scenario where the use of warning signals could restrict dispersal of individuals, and suggest that anti-predator defences could impact gene flow levels between populations and potentially have effects at a macro-evolutionary scale.

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“…These prototypes were designed with two postures: a ‘resting’ posture, as frogs are commonly found in nature, and a defensive posture, which includes the elevation of the hind legs, body inflation, and slightly hidden head (Martins, 1989). From the polymer clay prototypes we made the silicon‐rubber moulds which were then filled with paraffin wax to obtain the frog models, following the procedures described in previous studies (Casas‐Cardona et al, 2018; Rojas et al, 2014). The standard size of the models was 3.5 cm ± 0.58, a measure obtained from the average of the SVL of the photographed frogs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predator response to the coloured eyespots and defensive posture of Colombian four-eyed frogs

Hernández-Palma

Rueda‐Solano

Valkonen

et al. 2023

Journal of Evolutionary Biology

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Deimatic displays, where sudden changes in prey appearance elicit aversive predator reactions, have been suggested to occur in many taxa. These (often only putative) displays frequently involve different components that may also serve antipredator functions via other mechanisms (e.g., mimicry, warning signalling, body inflation). The Colombian four‐eyed frog, Pleurodema brachyops, has been suggested to gain protection against predation through putative deimatic displays where they inflate and elevate the posterior part of their body revealing eye‐like colour markings. We exposed stationary artificial frogs to wild predators to test whether the two components (eyespot/colour markings, defensive posture) of their putative deimatic display, and their combination, provide protection from predation without the sudden change in appearance. We did not detect any obvious additive effect of defensive posture and eyespots/colour markings on predation risk, but found a marginally significant trend for model frogs in the resting posture to be less attacked when displaying eyespots/colour markings than when they were not, suggesting that the presence of colour markings/eyespots may provide some protection on its own. Additionally, we found that models in a resting posture were overall more frequently attacked on the head than models in a defensive posture, indicating that a defensive posture alone could help redirect predator attacks to non‐vital parts of the body. The trends found in our study suggest that the different components of P. brachyops' coloration may serve different functions during a deimatic display, but further research is needed to elucidate the role of each component when accompanied by sudden prey movement.

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Different colour morphs of the poison frog Andinobates bombetes (Dendrobatidae) are similarly effective visual predator deterrents

Cited by 15 publications

References 95 publications

Anti-predator defences are linked with high levels of genetic differentiation in frogs

Anti-predator defences are linked with high levels of genetic differentiation in frogs

Anti-predator defenses are linked with high levels of genetic differentiation in frogs

Predator response to the coloured eyespots and defensive posture of Colombian four-eyed frogs

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