Different associations between intelligence and social cognition in children with and without autism spectrum disorders

Hirosawa, Tetsu; Kontani, Keiko; Fukai, Mina; Kameya, Masafumi; Soma, Daiki; Hino, Shoryoku; Kitamura, Tatsuru; Hasegawa, Chiaki; An, Kyung‐min; Takahashi, Tetsuya; Yoshimura, Yuko; Kikuchi, Mitsuru

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0235380

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…We are continually recruiting participants as part of a single large project (Bambi plan, http://bambiplan.w3.kanazawa-u.ac.jp/pdf/jusen_english.pdf ). As a result, some participants overlap with those in our earlier studies, 11 , 55 but no results overlap. In addition, the emphases of those earlier studies were completely different from those of this study.…”

Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 62%

Epileptiform discharges relate to altered functional brain networks in autism spectrum disorders

Hirosawa

Soma

et al. 2021

Brain Communications

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Many individuals with autism spectrum disorders have comorbid epilepsy. Even in the absence of observable seizures, interictal epileptiform discharges are common in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. However, how these interictal epileptiform discharges are related to autistic symptomatology remains unclear. This study used magnetoencephalography to investigate the relation between interictal epileptiform discharges and altered functional brain networks in children with autism spectrum disorders. Instead of particularly addressing individual brain regions, we specifically examine network properties. For this case-control study, we analysed 70 children with autism spectrum disorders (52 boys, 18 girls, 38–92 months old) and 19 typically developing children (16 boys, 3 girls, 48–88 months old). After assessing the participants’ social reciprocity using the Social Responsiveness Scale, we constructed graphs of functional brain networks from frequency band separated task-free magnetoencephalography recordings. Nodes corresponded to Desikan–Killiany atlas-based 68 brain regions. Edges corresponded to phase lag index values between pairs of brain regions. To elucidate the effects of the existence of interictal epileptiform discharges on graph metrics, we matched each of three pairs from three groups (typically developing children, children with autism spectrum disorders who had interictal epileptiform discharges and those who did not) in terms of age and sex. We used a coarsened exact matching algorithm and applied adjusted regression analysis. We also investigated the relation between social reciprocity and the graph metric. Results show that, in children with autism spectrum disorders, the average clustering coefficient in the theta band was significantly higher in children who had interictal epileptiform discharges. Moreover, children with autism spectrum disorders who had no interictal epileptiform discharges had a significantly lower average clustering coefficient in the theta band than typically developing children had. However, the difference between typically developing children and children with autism spectrum disorder who had interictal epileptiform discharges was not significant. Furthermore, the higher average clustering coefficient in the theta band corresponded to severe autistic symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder who had interictal epileptiform discharges. However, the association was not significant in children with autism spectrum disorders who had no interictal epileptiform discharge. In conclusion, results demonstrate that alteration of functional brain networks in children with autism spectrum disorders depends on the existence of interictal epileptiform discharges. Interictal epileptiform discharges might ‘normalize’ the deviation of altered brain networks in autism spectrum disorders, increasing the clustering coefficient. However, when the effect exceeds tolerance, it actually exacerbates autistic symptoms.

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Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 62%

Epileptiform discharges relate to altered functional brain networks in autism spectrum disorders

Hirosawa

Soma

et al. 2021

Brain Communications

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“…There is consistent evidence that patients with different neuropsychiatric conditions such as autism [ 9 , 10 ], schizophrenia [ 11 , 12 ], major depressive disorder [ 13 ], bipolar disorder [ 14 , 15 ], Alzheimer’s dementia [ 16 ], or Prader-Willi syndrome [ 17 ] have difficulty in accurately recognising the emotions expressed by others. This deficit can generate a misinterpretation of social situations and, therefore, a significant deficit in social functioning and quality of life [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of dynamic virtual faces for facial affect recognition

et al. 2021

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The ability to recognise facial emotions is essential for successful social interaction. The most common stimuli used when evaluating this ability are photographs. Although these stimuli have proved to be valid, they do not offer the level of realism that virtual humans have achieved. The objective of the present paper is the validation of a new set of dynamic virtual faces (DVFs) that mimic the six basic emotions plus the neutral expression. The faces are prepared to be observed with low and high dynamism, and from front and side views. For this purpose, 204 healthy participants, stratified by gender, age and education level, were recruited for assessing their facial affect recognition with the set of DVFs. The accuracy in responses was compared with the already validated Penn Emotion Recognition Test (ER-40). The results showed that DVFs were as valid as standardised natural faces for accurately recreating human-like facial expressions. The overall accuracy in the identification of emotions was higher for the DVFs (88.25%) than for the ER-40 faces (82.60%). The percentage of hits of each DVF emotion was high, especially for neutral expression and happiness emotion. No statistically significant differences were discovered regarding gender. Nor were significant differences found between younger adults and adults over 60 years. Moreover, there is an increase of hits for avatar faces showing a greater dynamism, as well as front views of the DVFs compared to their profile presentations. DVFs are as valid as standardised natural faces for accurately recreating human-like facial expressions of emotions.

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“…Higher intelligence is associated with better social cognition in ASD. 39 Therefore, the ASD individuals with relatively high intelligence and education without the effect of comorbid depression in this study might have had better social cognition than the participants of previous studies, and thereby, the effect of social cognition deficits on the left VLPFC activation during the social cognition tasks might not have reached statistical significance. Moreover, the differences in the EFRT content might also have affected the divergence in the results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Prefrontal Activity In Young Adults With Asdmentioning

confidence: 96%

Reduced Brain Activation in Response to Social Cognition Tasks in Autism Spectrum Disorder with and without Depression

Ohtani¹,

Matsuo²,

Sutoh³

et al. 2021

NDT

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Purpose In clinical settings, diagnosing comorbid depression in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often difficult. Neuroimaging studies have reported reduced activation of frontal and temporal regions during emotional face recognition task (EFRT) in ASD and depression. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has examined differences in frontotemporal activation during EFRT between ASD with and without comorbid depression. We aimed to compare the frontotemporal hemodynamic responses to the EFRT in ASD with and without depression and to find clues to help in discriminating the characteristics between them. Patients and Methods In 24 drug-naïve young adults with ASD (12 with depression [ASD-Dep(+)] and 12 without depression [ASD-Dep(-)]) and 12 with typical development (TD), frontotemporal hemodynamic responses during an EFRT were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Results The ASD groups showed reduced activation during EFRT than the TD group in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC). Moreover, the ASD-Dep(+) group showed reduced activation during EFRT than the ASD-Dep(-) group in the right anterior temporal cortex (aTC), and reduced activation than the TD group in the left VLPFC. Conclusion The observed results might reflect reduced regional activation in ASD and ASD with comorbid depression.

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Different associations between intelligence and social cognition in children with and without autism spectrum disorders

Cited by 21 publications

References 73 publications

Epileptiform discharges relate to altered functional brain networks in autism spectrum disorders

Epileptiform discharges relate to altered functional brain networks in autism spectrum disorders

Validation of dynamic virtual faces for facial affect recognition

Reduced Brain Activation in Response to Social Cognition Tasks in Autism Spectrum Disorder with and without Depression

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