Different approaches for estimation of the expanded uncertainty of an analytical method developed for determining pharmaceutical active compounds in wastewater using solid-phase extraction and a liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method

Rodrigues, João A.; Silva, Sofia; Cardoso, Vítor Vale; Benoliel, Maria João; Almeida, Cristina

doi:10.1039/d2ay01676a

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This often leads to brief descriptions of extraction procedures, that lack comprehensive details on optimization and validation steps, thereby complicating reproducibility in other laboratories. Additionally, in the case of soil samples, the physicochemical properties of the soil are rarely or only partially reported, making it impossible to compare recovery rates due to the effects of soil properties on extraction efficiency (Ajibola et al 2020 ; Carvalho et al 2018 ; Golovko et al 2016 ; Huang et al 2018 ; Mullen et al 2017 ; Rodrigues et al 2023 ). A short review of existing, appropriately validated methods, including their recovery rates (RR%) in the literature, is presented for soil (Table S2 ), lettuce (Table S3 ), and earthworms (Table S4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization and validation of multiresidual extraction methods for pharmaceuticals in Soil, Lettuce, and Earthworms

Mravcová,

Amrichová,

Navrkalová

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The presence of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals (PhACs) in the environment poses potential risks. To comprehensively assess these risks, robust multiresidual analytical methods are essential for determining a broad spectrum of PhAC classes in various environmental compartments (soil, plants, and soil organisms). This study optimized extraction methods for analyzing over 40 PhACs from various matrices, including soil, lettuce, and earthworms. A four-step ultrasonic extraction method with varying extraction conditions and subsequent solid phase extraction was developed for soil samples. QuEChERS methods were optimized for extracting PhACs from lettuce and earthworm samples, addressing a literature gap in these less-studied matrices. The quantification of PhACs in soil, lettuce, and earthworm extracts was performed using a single LC–MS/MS method. Following thorough method validation, earthworms and lettuce were exposed to a mixture of 27 pharmaceuticals in a soil environment. The method validation results demonstrated the robustness of these methods for a broad spectrum of PhACs. Specifically, 29 out of 42 PhACs were extracted with an average efficiency > 50% and RSD < 30% from the soil; 40 out of 42 PhACs exhibited average efficiency > 50% and %RSD < 30% from the earthworms, while 39 out of 42 PhACs showed average efficiency > 50% and RSD < 30% from the lettuce. Exposure experiments confirmed the viability of these methods for quantifying a diverse range of PhACs in different environmental compartments. This study presents three thoroughly validated methods for determining more than 40 PhACs in diverse matrices, enabling a comprehensive assessment of PhAC dissemination in the environment. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization and validation of multiresidual extraction methods for pharmaceuticals in Soil, Lettuce, and Earthworms

Mravcová,

Amrichová,

Navrkalová

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) are a major class of emerging pollutants which comprise of small molecule pharmaceuticals (antibiotics, analgesics, diuretics, tranquilizers, psychiatric drugs, etc) as well as biologics (anti-toxins, blood products, hormones, interleukins, monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, etc.) ( Rodrigues et al, 2023 ). They are key components of both human and veterinary medicine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, PhACs are remarkably stable and not fully metabolized in both human and animal systems, thus, they eventually end up in the environment ( González-González et al, 2022 ). The removal of the released PhACs from the environment, especially from wastewater, has been noted to be a very challenging task by various authors ( Castiglioni et al, 2006 ; Papagiannaki et al, 2022 ; Rodrigues et al, 2023 ). This is borne out of the fact that PhACs have a low octanol/water partition coefficient, which indicates their high solubility and polarity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of fungi in the bioremediation of pharmaceutically active compounds: a comprehensive review

et al. 2023

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The ability of fungal species to produce a wide range of enzymes and metabolites, which act synergistically, makes them valuable tools in bioremediation, especially in the removal of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) from contaminated environments. PhACs are compounds that have been specifically designed to treat or alter animal physiological conditions and they include antibiotics, analgesics, hormones, and steroids. Their detrimental effects on all life forms have become a source of public outcry due their persistent nature and their uncontrolled discharge into various wastewater effluents, hospital effluents, and surface waters. Studies have however shown that fungi have the necessary metabolic machinery to degrade PhACs in complex environments, such as soil and water, in addition they can be utilized in bioreactor systems to remove PhACs. In this regard, this review highlights fungal species with immense potential in the biodegradation of PhACs, their enzymatic arsenal as well as the probable mechanism of biodegradation. The challenges encumbering the real-time application of this promising bioremediative approach are also highlighted, as well as the areas of improvement and future perspective. In all, this paper points researchers to the fact that fungal bioremediation is a promising strategy for addressing the growing issue of pharmaceutical contamination in the environment and can help to mitigate the negative impacts on ecosystems and human health.

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Surfactant-induced AIE-active tin(IV) micelles for sensing naproxen residues in pharmaceutical effluents

Kaur,

Bansal,

Singh

et al. 2024

Journal of Molecular Liquids

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Different approaches for estimation of the expanded uncertainty of an analytical method developed for determining pharmaceutical active compounds in wastewater using solid-phase extraction and a liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method

Abstract: Although the evaluation of the uncertainty of an analytical method is a mandatory step in the method's validation, its applicability to the monitoring of trace compounds in complex samples is...

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

Optimization and validation of multiresidual extraction methods for pharmaceuticals in Soil, Lettuce, and Earthworms

Optimization and validation of multiresidual extraction methods for pharmaceuticals in Soil, Lettuce, and Earthworms

The potential of fungi in the bioremediation of pharmaceutically active compounds: a comprehensive review

Surfactant-induced AIE-active tin(IV) micelles for sensing naproxen residues in pharmaceutical effluents

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