Different action patterns for apple pectin methylesterase at pH 7.0 and 4.5

Denès, Jean‐Marc; Baron, Alain; Renard, Catherine M.G.C.; Péan, Christophe; Drilleau, Jean‐François

doi:10.1016/s0008-6215(00)00070-7

Cited by 153 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The charge density was also very homogeneous. This is in agreement with the mechanism generally accepted for Aspergillus species PMEs (26,59). The modification of the pectin by PME was also confirmed by its higher susceptibility to chain cleavage by endo-PG (data no shown).…”

Section: Pectin Extraction From the Fiber: Effect Of Autoclaving Timesupporting

confidence: 91%

Pectin from Passion Fruit Fiber and Its Modification by Pectinmethylesterase

Contreras-Esquivel¹,

Aguilar²,

Montañez³

et al. 2010

JFN

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Passion fruit fiber pectin gels represent a new alternative pectin source with potential for food and non-food applications on a commercial scale. Pectic polysaccharides were extracted from passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) fiber using citric acid as a clean catalyst and autoclaved for 20 to 60 min at 121 o C. The best condition of pectin yield with the highest molecular weight was obtained with 1.0% of citric acid (250 mg/g dry passion fruit fiber pectin) for 20 min of autoclaving. Spectroscopic analyses by Fourier transform infrared, enzymatic degradation reactions, and ion-exchange chromatography assays showed that passion fruit pectin extracted for 20 min was homogeneous high methoxylated pectin (70%). Gel permeation analysis confirmed that the pectin extract obtained by autoclaving by 20 min showed higher molecular weights than those autoclaved for 40 and 60 min. Passion fruit pectin extracted for 20 min was enzymatically modified with fungal pectinmethylesterase to create restructured gels. Short autoclave treatment (20 min) with citric acid as extractant resulted in a significant increase of gel strength, improving pectin extraction in terms of functionality. The treatment of solubilized material (pectic polysaccharides) in the presence of insoluble material (cellulose and hemicellulose) with pectinmethylesterase and calcium led to the creation of a stiffer passion fruit fiber pectin gel, while syneresis was not observed.

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Section: Pectin Extraction From the Fiber: Effect Of Autoclaving Timesupporting

confidence: 91%

Pectin from Passion Fruit Fiber and Its Modification by Pectinmethylesterase

Contreras-Esquivel¹,

Aguilar²,

Montañez³

et al. 2010

JFN

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“…As discussed by Jolie et al (2010), the pH, the DM, and the pattern of methylesterification are known to modify the mode of action of PMEs (Catoire et al, 1998;Denès et al, 2000;Sénéchal et al, 2014). Thus, we can also hypothesize that, upon random action of the PME (PME48 or others from the 13 other pollen-specific PMEs), the partial removal of methylester groups may allow other pectin-degrading enzymes such as PGases and/or PLs to cleave the HG, affecting the rigidity of the cell wall (Micheli, 2001;Sénéchal et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PECTIN METHYLESTERASE48 Is Involved in Arabidopsis Pollen Grain Germination

et al. 2014

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Germination of pollen grains is a crucial step in plant reproduction. However, the molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. We investigated the role of PECTIN METHYLESTERASE48 (PME48), an enzyme implicated in the remodeling of pectins in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) pollen. A combination of functional genomics, gene expression, in vivo and in vitro pollen germination, immunolabeling, and biochemical analyses was used on wild-type and Atpme48 mutant plants. We showed that AtPME48 is specifically expressed in the male gametophyte and is the second most expressed PME in dry and imbibed pollen grains. Pollen grains from homozygous mutant lines displayed a significant delay in imbibition and germination in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, numerous pollen grains showed two tips emerging instead of one in the wild type. Immunolabeling and Fourier transform infrared analyses showed that the degree of methylesterification of the homogalacturonan was higher in pme482/2 pollen grains. In contrast, the PME activity was lower in pme482/2, partly due to a reduction of PME48 activity revealed by zymogram. Interestingly, the wild-type phenotype was restored in pme482/2 with the optimum germination medium supplemented with 2.5 mM calcium chloride, suggesting that in the wild-type pollen, the weakly methylesterified homogalacturonan is a source of Ca 2+ necessary for pollen germination. Although pollen-specific PMEs are traditionally associated with pollen tube elongation, this study provides strong evidence that PME48 impacts the mechanical properties of the intine wall during maturation of the pollen grain, which, in turn, influences pollen grain germination.

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“…In contrast, the action of fungal PMEs (fPMEs) is generally regarded as random (or multiple chain mechanism), resulting in the de-esterification of single GalA residues per enzyme/substrate interaction (23)(24)(25). However, the precise nature of the action patterns of fPME and pPME are far from clear, and some pPMEs appear to have the capacity to remove a limited number of methyl esters per reaction, giving rise to short un-esterified blocks (20). Moreover, recently developed procedures for the enzymatic fingerprinting of pectic fragments have indicated that the action patterns of fPMEs are non-blockwise, but probably not in fact random (24).…”

Section: Or Repeats Of the Disaccharide (34)-␣-d-gala-(132)-␣-l-rha-(mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of the Degree and Pattern of Methyl-esterification of Pectic Homogalacturonan in Plant Cell Walls

Willats

Orfila

Limberg³

et al. 2001

Journal of Biological Chemistry

539

414

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Homogalacturonan (HG) is a multifunctional pectic polysaccharide of the primary cell wall matrix of all land plants. HG is thought to be deposited in cell walls in a highly methyl-esterified form but can be subsequently de-esterified by wall-based pectin methyl esterases (PMEs) that have the capacity to remove methyl ester groups from HG. Plant PMEs typically occur in multigene families/isoforms, but the precise details of the functions of PMEs are far from clear. Most are thought to act in a processive or blockwise fashion resulting in domains of contiguous de-esterified galacturonic acid residues. Such de-esterified blocks of HG can be crosslinked by calcium resulting in gel formation and can contribute to intercellular adhesion. We demonstrate that, in addition to blockwise de-esterification, HG with a non-blockwise distribution of methyl esters is also an abundant feature of HG in primary plant cell walls. A partially methyl-esterified epitope of HG that is generated in greatest abundance by non-blockwise de-esterification is spatially regulated within the cell wall matrix and occurs at points of cell separation at intercellular spaces in parenchymatous tissues of pea and other angiosperms. Analysis of the properties of calcium-mediated gels formed from pectins containing HG domains with differing degrees and patterns of methyl-esterification indicated that HG with a non-blockwise pattern of methyl ester group distribution is likely to contribute distinct mechanical and porosity properties to the cell wall matrix. These findings have important implications for our understanding of both the action of pectin methyl esterases on matrix properties and mechanisms of intercellular adhesion and its loss in plants.

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Different action patterns for apple pectin methylesterase at pH 7.0 and 4.5

Cited by 153 publications

References 16 publications

Pectin from Passion Fruit Fiber and Its Modification by Pectinmethylesterase

Pectin from Passion Fruit Fiber and Its Modification by Pectinmethylesterase

PECTIN METHYLESTERASE48 Is Involved in Arabidopsis Pollen Grain Germination

Modulation of the Degree and Pattern of Methyl-esterification of Pectic Homogalacturonan in Plant Cell Walls

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