Differences of near-ground atmospheric Rn-222 concentration between urban and rural area with reference to microclimate diversity

Podstawczyńska, Agnieszka

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.11.037

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…For more details concerning the area of investigation, instrumentation and data processing, see the following papers: [17,24].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most publications, Rn-222 has been used to study the atmosphere as a natural tracer of the processes of transport and dispersion of gases [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Rn-222 has also been used as an indicator of vertical mixing processes resulting in the atmospheric stability regime [12][13][14][15][16][17]. The temporal variability of the Rn-222 concentration with reference to the meteorological variables (such as wind velocity and direction, atmospheric pressure, air tempera- Abstract.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ture, precipitation, and snow cover occurrence) was presented in the studies by [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil heat flux and air temperature as factors of radon (Rn-222) concentration in the near-ground air layer

Podstawczyńska

Pawlak

2016

Nukleonika

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IntroductionRadon (Rn-222), a radioactive gas with a half--life of 3.82 days, is emitted naturally (0.72-1.2 atoms·cm −2 ·s −1 ) from ice-free, unsaturated terrestrial surfaces [1,2]. The Rn-222 concentration in the near-surface air layer is undoubtedly strongly infl uenced by local conditions, which are connected with the environment of the gas emissions to the atmosphere (inter alia: geological formation, soil characteristics -radium content, permeability and porosity, temperature vertical profi le, soil heat fl ux, and humidity) and microclimatic conditions occurring in the near-ground air layer [3]. Research on Rn-222 in the context of meteorology dates back to the 1920s [4] and has developed intensively since the 1960s. In most publications, Rn-222 has been used to study the atmosphere as a natural tracer of the processes of transport and dispersion of gases [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Rn-222 has also been used as an indicator of vertical mixing processes resulting in the atmospheric stability regime [12][13][14][15][16][17]. The temporal variability of the Rn-222 concentration with reference to the meteorological variables (such as wind velocity and direction, atmospheric pressure, air tempera- Abstract. A unique, highly time-resolved, and synchronous three-year dataset of near-surface atmospheric radon-222 as well as soil heat fl ux and air temperature measurements at two sites (rural and urban) in Central Poland are investigated. The recognition of temporal variability of Rn-222 and selected meteorological variables in the urban and rural areas served to create two statistical models for estimation of this radionuclide concentration at 2 m a.g.l. The description of the relationships between the variables for individual months was established on the basis of an exponential function and an exponential function with time derivative of predictor to account for the hysteresis issue. The model with time derivative provided better results. The weakest fi tting of modelled data to empirical ones is observed for the winter months. During subsequent seasons, air temperature as well as QG-driven (soil heat fl ux) models exhibited very high agreement with the empirical data (MBE, RMSE, MAE, and 'index of agreement' by Willmott were used to evaluate the models). A restriction in the use of QG for Rn-222 concentration was observed only in winter in the case of snow cover occurrence, which reduces the daily QG variability.

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“…For more details concerning the area of investigation, instrumentation and data processing, see the following papers: [17,24].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil heat flux and air temperature as factors of radon (Rn-222) concentration in the near-ground air layer

Podstawczyńska

Pawlak

2016

Nukleonika

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“…Detailed descriptions of the sites and the instrumentation used have already been provided in Fortuniak et al (2013), Podstawczyńska (2016) and Chambers, Galeriu, et al (2016). Briefly, there were two measurement sites near the city center of Łódź: the "urban meteorological station" (UMS; 51°46 0 10″N, 19°27 0 55″E; 214 m above sea level [asl]) and the turbulent flux site ("Narutowicza"; 51°46 0 24″N, 19°28 0 52″E; 221 m asl).…”

Section: Sites and Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While numerous studies of urban landscapes have already been conducted (Bassett et al, ; Podstawczyńska, ; Theeuwes et al, ; see also reviews by Arnfield, ; Lietzke et al, ; Roth, ), compared to other global environment types, urban observations are still quite limited (Grimmond et al, ). Specifically, more detailed information is required about the urban water and carbon budgets, as well as mixing and pollution concentrations within the urban canopy layer (UCL), the zone of human occupation (Christen, ; Grimmond et al, ; Memon et al, ; Mills et al, ; Mirzaei & Haghighat, ; Nelson et al, ; Nicolini et al, ; Pawlak et al, ; Pawlak & Fortuniak, ; Zieliński et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the State of the Urban Surface Layer Using Radon‐222

et al. 2019

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Four years of summertime paired urban‐rural meteorological and radon observations in central Poland are used to assess the relationship between atmospheric stability and urban‐induced changes to the radiation balance and surface energy budget. An existing radon‐based technique for nocturnal stability classification is improved and extended to also infer daytime mixing conditions. The radon‐based scheme is shown to provide a simple, effective, objective means of investigating urban energy budget closure over a range of meteorological conditions, which promises to improve estimates of energy storage and loss terms associated with urban canopies. Special attention is paid to quantifying atmospheric characteristics associated with the arbitrarily assigned radon‐derived stability categories in terms of the more conventional measures: bulk Richardson number and the Monin‐Obukhov stability parameter (z/L). The bulk Richardson number approach is demonstrated to be less effective at grouping periods of similar mean stability, and less selective of extremely stable conditions, than the radon‐based technique. A simple box model is used in conjunction with radon observations and an assumed source function of 15 mBq·m−2·s−1, to show that nocturnal effective mixing heights were deeper and less variable over the urban region. On stable nights hourly median effective mixing heights were 15–20 m over the rural region compared to 40–45 m over the urban region.

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Aerosols, Clusters, Greenhouse Gases, Trace Gases and Boundary-Layer Dynamics: on Feedbacks and Interactions

Kulmala

Kokkonen

Ezhova

et al. 2023

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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Turbulence is the key process transporting material and energy in the atmosphere. Furthermore, turbulence causes concentration fluctuations, influencing different atmospheric processes such as deposition, chemical reactions, formation of low-volatile vapours, formation of new aerosol particles and their growth in the atmosphere, and the effect of aerosol particles on boundary-layer meteorology. In order to analyse the connections, interactions and feedbacks relating those different processes require a deep understanding of atmospheric turbulence mechanisms, atmospheric chemistry and aerosol dynamics. All these processes will further influence air pollution and climate. The better we understand these processes and their interactions and associated feedback, the more effectively we can mitigate air pollution as well as mitigate climate forcers and adapt to climate change. We present several aspects on the importance of turbulence including how turbulence is crucial for atmospheric phenomena and feedbacks in different environments. Furthermore, we discuss how boundary-layer dynamics links to aerosols and air pollution. Here, we present also a roadmap from deep understanding to practical solutions.

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Differences of near-ground atmospheric Rn-222 concentration between urban and rural area with reference to microclimate diversity

Cited by 21 publications

References 36 publications

Soil heat flux and air temperature as factors of radon (Rn-222) concentration in the near-ground air layer

Soil heat flux and air temperature as factors of radon (Rn-222) concentration in the near-ground air layer

Characterizing the State of the Urban Surface Layer Using Radon‐222

Aerosols, Clusters, Greenhouse Gases, Trace Gases and Boundary-Layer Dynamics: on Feedbacks and Interactions

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