Differences in Visual Function and Optic Nerve Structure Between Healthy Eyes of Blacks and Whites

Racette, Lyne; Boden, Catherine; Kleinhandler, Shannon L.; Girkin, Christopher A.; Liebmann, Jeffrey M.; Zangwill, Linda M.; Medeiros, Felipe A.; Bowd, Christopher; Weinreb, Robert N.; Wilson, M. Roy; Sample, Pamela A.

doi:10.1001/archopht.123.11.1547

Cited by 64 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…3,10 Previous studies have shown that OCT values are affected by age, 2,17,18 axial length, [19][20][21] and race. 22,23 The purpose of this study is to collect normative pediatric values for OCT measurement of the macular thickness and volume, peripapillary RNFL thickness, and optic nerve head morphology, and to study the effects of age, race, axial length, and spherical equivalent on these values.…”

Section: Arch Ophthalmol 2009;127(1):50-58mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Coherence Tomography in the Eyes of Normal Children

El-Dairi¹

2009

Arch Ophthalmol

180

106

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To collect a normative database of macular thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses, and optic nerve topography in the healthy eyes of children aged 3 to 17 years using optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements.Methods: Scans were obtained for 286 healthy children (black, 114; white, 154; other, 18). Each child had a dilated eye examination, an axial length measurement using the IOL Master (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, California), and OCT measurements using the fast macular map, fast RNFL thickness, and fast optic disc protocols of the Stratus OCT (OCT-3; Carl Zeiss Meditec).Results: Black children had smaller macular volume and foveal thickness, larger RNFL thickness, and larger cup-

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Section: Arch Ophthalmol 2009;127(1):50-58mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Coherence Tomography in the Eyes of Normal Children

El-Dairi¹

2009

Arch Ophthalmol

180

106

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“…Our definition of normal eyes used previously published standard criteria that include an optic disc examination in addition to functional testing. [23][24][25] We intentionally excluded glaucoma suspect eyes and eyes with preperimetric glaucoma to facilitate the comparison between normal and glaucomatous eyes. Future studies should address the use of the ISNT rule for these individuals.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ISNT Rule and Differentiation of Normal From Glaucomatous Eyes

Harizman

Oliveira²,

Chiang³

et al. 2006

Arch Ophthalmol

196

122

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To determine whether the ISNT rule (that normal eyes show a characteristic configuration for disc rim thickness of inferiorՆsuperiorՆnasalՆtemporal), widely used for clinical evaluation of the optic nerve head, can differentiate normal from glaucomatous eyes.Methods: All subjects underwent complete eye examination, including achromatic automated perimetry, simultaneous stereoscopic disc photography, and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. Subjects with normal eyes had no evidence of glaucoma or ocular hypertension and had normal perimetry measurements. Subjects with glaucoma had a reproducible visual field defect. One eye from each subject was randomly enrolled. The ISNT rule was assessed by masked evaluation of disc photographs at the 3, 6, 9, and 12 o'clock positions.Results: Sixty-six subjects with normal eyes (33 black and 33 white individuals) and 43 with open-angle glaucoma (15 black and 28 white individuals) were enrolled. The ISNT rule was intact in 52 (79%) of 66 normal eyes and 12 (28%) of 43 glaucomatous eyes (PϽ.001). Multiple logistic regression indicated that the odds ratio for glaucoma associated with violation of the ISNT rule was 6.04 (95% confidence interval, 1.74-20.95) after adjustment for age; race was not a confounder of this association. Conclusion:The ISNT rule is useful in differentiating normal from glaucomatous optic nerves and is unaffected by race.

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“…Specifically, people of AD have been shown to have on average larger optic discs, larger cup-to-disc ratios, thicker retinal nerve fiber layer, and thinner corneas. [7][8][9][10] People of AD have also been shown to have slightly worse visual function. 11 Racial differences associated with some of the risk factors for glaucoma have also been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Ocular Blood Flow Between People of African and European Descent With Healthy Eyes

Kaskan

Ramezani

Harris

et al. 2016

Journal of Glaucoma

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Purpose: To investigate differences in ocular blood flow between people of African (AD) and European descent (ED) with healthy eyes.Methods: Retrobulbar and retinal capillary blood flow was assessed in one eye of 58 participants (24 AD, 34 ED) with healthy eyes with systemic blood pressure lower than 140/90. Retrobulbar blood flow was measured in the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA), nasal (NPCA) and temporal posterior ciliary arteries (TPCA). Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive index (RI) were assessed. Retinal capillary blood flow was assessed using mean retinal flow and avascular space defined as the percent of area measured with no blood flow. Groups were compared using t-tests and Pearson correlations were compared using Fisher r-toz transformation.Results: Compared to people of ED, people of AD had significantly lower EDV in the NPCA (p=0.01), and higher RI in the CRA (p=0.04) and TPCA (p=0.01). No significant differences were observed in mean retinal capillary flow or avascular area. In the CRA, a significant positive correlation was observed between pattern standard deviation (PSD) and PSV (p=0.02) and this correlation was significantly different from that observed in the ED group (p=0.01). A significant correlation was also observed between PSD and EDV (0.04) in the AD group. Conclusion:This study suggests that retrobulbar blood flow is lower in healthy eyes in persons of AD compared to ED. This may provide a mechanism through which people of AD are at increased risk for ophthalmic diseases such as glaucoma.

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Differences in Visual Function and Optic Nerve Structure Between Healthy Eyes of Blacks and Whites

Cited by 64 publications

References 36 publications

Optical Coherence Tomography in the Eyes of Normal Children

Optical Coherence Tomography in the Eyes of Normal Children

The ISNT Rule and Differentiation of Normal From Glaucomatous Eyes

Differences in Ocular Blood Flow Between People of African and European Descent With Healthy Eyes

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