Differences in typing forces, muscle activity, comfort, and typing performance among virtual, notebook, and desktop keyboards

Kim, Jeong Ho; Aulck, Lovenoor; Bartha, Michael C.; Harper, Christy; Johnson, Peter W.

doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2014.04.001

Cited by 57 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…4. Because the push-in distance of keys on a standard keyboard is 3.0 mm [18], the displacement start time was set to the time when the displacement from the initial position reached 3.0 mm. In Table 1, a dash means that there were no negative displacements greater than 3.0 mm in a given axis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for using one finger to press three separate keys on a three-dimensional keyboard designed to be mounted on a mouse

et al. 2016

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Here we propose and verify the feasibility of a new keyboard structure for keyboard-mounted mouse. Reducing the distance that fingers move while typing within a three-dimensional (3-D) key arrangement that fits along the fingers is effective for keyboard-mounted mouse, provided that each finger can separately press three different keys. Our objective was to design and test a method for separately being able to press three keys with a single finger, and in the process, reduce finger-moving distance. We analyzed 3-D finger motion while participants typed on a standard keyboard, and used this data to develop a 3-D layout for keys that are arranged along the fingers. Analysis of 3-D finger motion while using our new keyboard showed that the distance fingers traveled was 74 % less than that when using a standard keyboard (p < 0.05). Moreover, this did not result in typing mistakes caused by interference between the keys and finger movements. After typing 30 characters 20 times, the average input error rate in the 20th trial was 18 %, while the average error rate across all trials for the standard keyboard was 9.5 %. We conclude that our proposed 3-D keyboard can be used accurately with one finger while reducing the distance fingers must move. However, input mistakes were caused by finger linkage motion. In the future, we must devise a character-input algorithm that eliminates such erroneous input. We must also include the mouse function and evaluate the operability of the device in tasks that require keyboard and mouse use.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for using one finger to press three separate keys on a three-dimensional keyboard designed to be mounted on a mouse

et al. 2016

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“…In addition tablets with a rubberized back surface or a ledge type of handle were also easier to hold up with a single hand. Finally, the use of an external mechanical keyboard increases typing productivity, user comfort and shoulder muscle activity [51].…”

Section: Accessories For Tablet Computersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The state of ergonomics for mobile computing technology

Dennerlein

2015

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Abstract. BACKGROUND:Because mobile computing technologies, such as notebook computers, smart mobile phones, and tablet computers afford users many different configurations through their intended mobility, there is concern about their effects on musculoskeletal pain and a need for usage recommendations. OBJECTIVE: Therefore the main goal of this paper to determine which best practices surrounding the use of mobile computing devices can be gleaned from current field and laboratory studies of mobile computing devices. METHODS: An expert review was completed. RESULTS: Field studies have documented various user configurations, which often include non-neutral postures, that users adopt when using mobile technology, along with some evidence suggesting that longer duration of use is associated with more discomfort. It is therefore prudent for users to take advantage of their mobility and not get stuck in any given posture for too long. The use of accessories such as appropriate cases or riser stands, as well as external keyboards and pointing devices, can also improve postures and comfort. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the state of ergonomics for mobile technology is a work in progress and there are more research questions to be addressed.

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“…Yes , (Arif and Stuerzlinger, 2013), (Corley et al, 2012), (Francis and Johnson, 2011), (Gelormini and Bishop, 2013), (Ghosh, 2011), (Guerrier et al, 2013), (Janpinijrut et al, 2011b), (Kim et al, 2014), (Klima and Slovacek, 2009), (Merino et al, 2010), (Millet et al, 2009), (Nicolau et al, 2013), (Prabhu and Prasad, 2011), (Sharma et al, 2012), (Simathamanand and Piromsopa, 2011), (Usakli and Gurkan, 2010), (Vella and Vigouroux, 2013), (Wu et al, 2014) No , (Arif and Stuerzlinger, 2013), (Arif and Stuerzlinger, 2013), (Bhattacharya and Laha, 2012), (Burgbacher and Hinrichs, 2014), (Corley et al, 2012), (Eklund et al, 2010), (Faraj et al, 2009c), (Faraj et al, 2009a), (Faraj et al, 2009b), (Francis and Johnson, 2011), (Gelormini and Bishop, 2013), (Ghosh, 2011), (Gizatdinova et al, 2012a), (Gizatdinova et al, 2012b), (Guerrier et al, 2013), (Jain and Bhattacharya, 2010), (Janpinijrut et al, 2011a), (Kim et al, 2014), (Klima and Slovacek, 2009), (Merino et al, 2010), (Millet et al, 2009), (Miró-Borrás and Bernabeu-S...…”

Section: Display Special Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Matrix , (Arif and Stuerzlinger, 2013), (Bhattacharya and Laha, 2012), (Burgbacher and Hinrichs, 2014), , (Faraj et al, 2009a), (Faraj et al, 2009a), (Faraj et al, 2009b), (Francis and Johnson, 2011), (Gelormini and Bishop, 2013), , (Ghosh, 2011), (Gizatdinova et al, 2012a), (Gizatdinova et al, 2012b), (Guerrier et al, 2011), (Guerrier et al, 2013), (Guerrier et al, 2013), (Jain and Bhattacharya, 2010), (Janpinijrut et al, 2011b), (Kim et al, 2014), (Klima and Slovacek, 2009), (Kwon et al, 2009), (Merino et al, 2010), (Merino et al, 2012), (Miró-Borrás and Bernabeu-Soler, 2009), (Nicolau et al, 2013), (Panwar et al, 2012), (Phanchaipetch and Nattee, 2012), (Polácek et al, 2012), (Sarafis and Markoulidis, 2010), , (Sharma et al, 2012), (Simathamanand and Piromsopa, 2011), (Truong et al, 2013), (Usakli and Gurkan, 2010), (Varcholik et al, 2012), (Vella and Vigouroux, 2013), (Wu et al, 2014), (Yang et al, 2013) Circular (Prabhu and Prasad, 2011), (Topal et al, 2012) Distribution of symbols Frequency (Bhattacharya and Laha, 2012), (Faraj et al, 2009c), (Francis ...…”

Section: Positioning Of Keysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This sort of keyboard is one of the most primitive mechanisms for alternatively entering text (Ghosh, 2011). Studies like (Arif and Stuerzlinger, 2013;Kim et al, 2014;Kwon et al, 2009) indicate that virtual keyboards shows lower typing performance than physical keyboards, even when users have no disability. The main reasons that make virtual keyboard slower than their physical counterpart are the small size of the virtual keys, absence of tactile feedback and occlusion of virtual keys by fingers (Kim et al, 2014;Kwon et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new concept of assistive virtual keyboards based on a systematic review of text entry optimization techniques

et al. 2016

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Introduction: Due to the increasing popularization of computers and the internet expansion, Alternative and Augmentative Communication technologies have been employed to restore the ability to communicate of people with aphasia and tetraplegia. Virtual keyboards are one of the most primitive mechanisms for alternatively entering text and play a very important role in accomplishing this task. However, the text entry for this kind of keyboard is much slower than entering information through their physical counterparts. Many techniques and layouts have been proposed to improve the typing performance of virtual keyboards, each one concerning a different issue or solving a specific problem. However, not all of them are suitable to assist seriously people with motor impairment. Methods: In order to develop an assistive virtual keyboard with improved typing performance, we performed a systematic review on scientific databases. Results: We found 250 related papers and 52 of them were selected to compose. After that, we identified eight essentials virtual keyboard features, five methods to optimize data entry performance and five metrics to assess typing performance. Conclusion: Based on this review, we introduce a concept of an assistive, optimized, compact and adaptive virtual keyboard that gathers a set of suitable techniques such as: a new ambiguous keyboard layout, disambiguation algorithms, dynamic scan techniques, static text prediction of letters and words and, finally, the use of phonetic and similarity algorithms to reduce the user's typing error rate.

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Differences in typing forces, muscle activity, comfort, and typing performance among virtual, notebook, and desktop keyboards

Cited by 57 publications

References 25 publications

A method for using one finger to press three separate keys on a three-dimensional keyboard designed to be mounted on a mouse

A method for using one finger to press three separate keys on a three-dimensional keyboard designed to be mounted on a mouse

The state of ergonomics for mobile computing technology

A new concept of assistive virtual keyboards based on a systematic review of text entry optimization techniques

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