Differences in transpiration between a forest and an agroforestry tree species in the Sudanian belt

Awessou, Kohomlan G. Beranger; Peugeot, Christophe; Rocheteau, Alain; Séguis, Luc; Chauvaud, Frédéric; Galle, Sylvie; Bellanger, Marie; Agbossou, Euloge Kossi; Seghieri, Josiane

doi:10.1007/s10457-016-9937-8

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…[] which showed that nocturnal evapotranspiration across a wide range of species in Southeastern US averaged 8–9% of mean daytime evapotranspiration and Awessou et al . [] that evidenced nocturnal transpiration on Vitellaria paradoxa trees of the Bellefoungou woodland. On the other hand, nighttime Q H was negative in all seasons, meaning that sensible heat was lost from the ecosystem to the atmosphere.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These high transpiration rates are due to vegetation activity which even leads to leaf renewal during this dry season in the region [ Seghieri et al ., ]. It is also associated with high physiological activity as shown in the sap flow analysis [ Awessou et al ., ] as well as in the CO 2 fluxes [ Ago et al ., , , ] in the studied area. This phenomenon was also observed farther north above a savanna in Ghana by Quansah et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of water vapor and energy exchanges above two contrasting Sudanian climate ecosystems in Northern Benin (West Africa)

et al. 2016

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Natural ecosystems in sub‐Saharan Africa are experiencing intense changes that will probably modify land surface feedbacks and consequently the regional climate. In this study, we have analyzed water vapor (QLE) and sensible heat (QH) fluxes over a woodland (Bellefoungou, BE) and a cultivated area (Nalohou, NA) in the Sudanian climate of Northern Benin, using 2 years (from July 2008 to June 2010) of eddy covariance measurements. The evaporative fraction (EF) response to environmental and surface variables was investigated at seasonal scale. Soil moisture was found to be the main environmental factor controlling energy partitioning. During the wet seasons, EF was rather stable with an average of 0.75 ± 0.07 over the woodland and 0.70 ± 0.025 over the cultivated area. This means that 70–75% of the available energy was changed into actual evapotranspiration during the investigated wet seasons depending on the vegetation type. The cumulative annual actual evapotranspiration (AET) varied between 730 ± 50 mm yr−1 at the NA site and 1040 ± 70 mm yr−1 at the BE site. With similar weather conditions at the two sites, the BE site showed 30% higher AET values than the NA site. The sensible heat flux QH at the cultivated site was always higher than that of the woodland site, but observed differences were much less than those of QLE. In a land surface conversion context, these differences are expected to impact both atmospheric dynamics and the hydrological cycle.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of water vapor and energy exchanges above two contrasting Sudanian climate ecosystems in Northern Benin (West Africa)

et al. 2016

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“…Ce profil radial de la densité de flux de sève est pris en compte pour éviter, là encore, des biais importants dans l'estimation de la transpiration (Nadezhdina et al, 2002). Lorsque toute la profondeur de l'aubier n'est pas explorée par les sondes, un facteur de correction est appliqué aux mesures (Awessou et al, 2017). La surface d'aubier d'un arbre est déduite des mesures de son épaisseur obtenue par des carottages dans le tronc à hauteur de poitrine et parallèlement au sol à l'aide d'une tarière de Pressler.…”

Section: Le Dispositif Et La Méthode D'estimation De La Transpirationunclassified

“…Les premiers résultats ont été publiés en 2017 (Awessou et al, 2017). À notre connaissance, auparavant quatre études ont quantifié la consommation en eau du karité, à l'échelle de l'individu ou du peuplement.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Agroforesterie et services écosystémiques en zone tropicale

Seghieri¹,

Harmand²

2019

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Systèmes agraires et changement climatique au Sud H. Cochet, O. Ducourtieux, N. Garambois, coord. 2018 Trente années d'observation des microalgues et des toxines d'algues sur le littoral C. Belin, D. Soudan 2018 Stratégies des filières fromagères sous AOP en Europe Modes de régulation et performance économique P. Jeanneaux 2018 Services écosystémiques et protection des sols Analyses juridiques et éclairages agronomiques C. Hermon, coord. 2018 Paroles de chercheurs Environnement et interdisciplinarité E. Brun, J.-F. Ponge, J.-C. Lefeuvre 2017, 124 p. Démanteler les barrages pour restaurer les cours d'eau Controverses et représentations R. Barraud, M.-A. Germaine, coord. 2017, 260 p. Construire des politiques alimentaires urbaines Concepts et démarches C

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“…The hydrology of inland valleys is also controlled by classical catchment features like vegetation distribution and the functioning of contributive areas (Von Der Heyden, 2004). For instance, concerning vegetation distribution, Balek (2006) reports on increased flood flow when trees were removed from two of their observed catchments. The fast LULC changes occurring today call for the scientific community to clearly understand the role of different vegetation distributions and the impact of their changes on the hydrology of inland valleys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrological functioning of western African inland valleys explored with a critical zone model

Hector

Cohard

Séguis

et al. 2018

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Inland valleys are seasonally waterlogged headwater wetlands, widespread across western Africa. Their role in the hydrological cycle in the humid, hard-rock-dominated Sudanian savanna is not yet well understood. Thus, while in the region recurrent floods are a major issue, and hydropower has been recognized as an important development pathway, the scientific community lacks precise knowledge of streamflow (Q) generation processes and how they could be affected by the presence of inland valleys. Furthermore, inland valleys carry an important agronomic potential, and with the strong demographic rates of the region, they are highly subject to undergoing land cover changes. We address both the questions of the hydrological functioning of inland valleys in the Sudanian savanna of western Africa and the impact of land cover changes on these systems through deterministic sensitivity experiments using a physically based critical zone model (ParFlow-CLM) applied to a virtual generic catchment which comprises an inland valley. Model forcings are based on 20 years of data from the AMMA-CATCH observation service and parameters are evaluated against multiple field data (Q, evapotranspiration – ET –, soil moisture, water table levels, and water storage) acquired on a pilot elementary catchment. The hydrological model applied to the conceptual lithological/pedological model proposed in this study reproduces the main behaviours observed, which allowed those virtual experiments to be conducted. We found that yearly water budgets were highly sensitive to the vegetation distribution: average yearly ET for a tree-covered catchment (944 mm) exceeds that of herbaceous cover (791 mm). ET differences between the two covers vary between 12 % and 24 % of the precipitation of the year for the wettest and driest years, respectively. Consequently, the tree-covered catchment produces a yearly Q amount of 28 % lower on average as compared to a herbaceous-covered catchment, ranging from 20 % for the wettest year to 47 % for a dry year. Trees also buffer interannual variability in ET by 26 % (with respect to herbaceous). On the other hand, pedological features (presence – or absence – of the low-permeability layer commonly found below inland valleys, upstream and lateral contributive areas) had limited impact on yearly water budgets but marked consequences for intraseasonal hydrological processes (sustained/non-sustained baseflow in the dry season, catchment water storage redistribution). Therefore, subsurface features and vegetation cover of inland valleys have potentially significant impacts on downstream water-dependent ecosystems and water uses as hydropower generation, and should focus our attention.

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Differences in transpiration between a forest and an agroforestry tree species in the Sudanian belt

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Dynamics of water vapor and energy exchanges above two contrasting Sudanian climate ecosystems in Northern Benin (West Africa)

Dynamics of water vapor and energy exchanges above two contrasting Sudanian climate ecosystems in Northern Benin (West Africa)

Agroforesterie et services écosystémiques en zone tropicale

Hydrological functioning of western African inland valleys explored with a critical zone model

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