Differences in throughfall drop size distributions in the presence and absence of foliage

Nanko, Kazuki; Hudson, Sean A.; Levia, Delphis F.

doi:10.1080/02626667.2015.1052454

Cited by 51 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…With regard to throughfall drop‐size distributions, Nanko et al () and Nanko, Watanabe, Hotta, and Suzuki () found that throughfall drop‐size distributions differed among tree species due to variable plant surface characteristics. Throughfall drop diameters have been found to be larger beneath a leafless broadleaved tree than a leafed one when a structurally created branch drip point is amplified by the absence of foliage (Nanko, Hudson, & Levia, ). Building on these earlier studies, this work seeks to better understand the relative proportions of throughfall types within forests as well as how throughfall type varies beneath foliar and woody surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Throughfall partitioning by trees

Levia

Nanko

Amasaki

et al. 2019

Hydrological Processes

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Although we know that rainfall interception (the rain caught, stored, and evaporated from aboveground vegetative surfaces and ground litter) is affected by rain and throughfall drop size, what was unknown until now is the relative proportion of each throughfall type (free throughfall, splash throughfall, canopy drip) beneath coniferous and broadleaved trees. Based on a multinational data set of >120 million throughfall drops, we found that the type, number, and volume of throughfall drops are different between coniferous and broadleaved tree species, leaf states, and timing within rain events. Compared with leafed broadleaved trees, conifers had a lower percentage of canopy drip (51% vs. 69% with respect to total throughfall volume) and slightly smaller diameter splash throughfall and canopy drip. Canopy drip from leafless broadleaved trees consisted of fewer and smaller diameter drops (D50_DR, 50th cumulative drop volume percentile for canopy drip, of 2.24 mm) than leafed broadleaved trees (D50_DR of 4.32 mm). Canopy drip was much larger in diameter under woody drip points (D50_DR of 5.92 mm) than leafed broadleaved trees. Based on throughfall volume, the percentage of canopy drip was significantly different between conifers, leafed broadleaved trees, leafless broadleaved trees, and woody surface drip points (p ranged from <0.001 to 0.005). These findings are partly attributable to differences in canopy structure and plant surface characteristics between plant functional types and canopy state (leaf, leafless), among other factors. Hence, our results demonstrating the importance of drop‐size‐dependent partitioning between coniferous and broadleaved tree species could be useful to those requiring more detailed information on throughfall fluxes to the forest floor.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Throughfall partitioning by trees

Levia

Nanko

Amasaki

et al. 2019

Hydrological Processes

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“…For each event, the number of drops, their diameter, and their velocity were obtained from the disdrometer's raw data. The event's median volume diameter (D50) [6], rainfall kinetic energy [32,33], and the number of raindrops per event were calculated according to disdrometer's measuring area (54 cm 2 ). The velocity spectrum is largely redundant with the size spectrum, as drop terminal velocity depends on its size (v = v(D)).…”

Section: Data Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Throughfall splash droplets are usually smaller than drops induced by dripping. Most often, a throughfall drop diameter of 1.5 mm has been measured as the threshold value determining a specific throughfall component, as smaller drops are splash-induced and larger drops are generated by dripping [3,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Raindrop Size Distribution on Throughfall Dynamics under Pine and Birch Trees at the Rainfall Event Level

Zabret¹,

Rakovec²,

Mikoš³

2017

Atmosphere

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Abstract:Part of precipitation is intercepted by forest canopies, while the rest reaches the ground as throughfall or stemflow. This process is influenced by various meteorological variables, of which we have mainly focused on drop diameter and velocity. Rainfall in the open and throughfall under birch and pine trees have both been measured since 2014 in Ljubljana, Slovenia. The results demonstrate that the total throughfall during 3.5 years was 73% and 53% of rainfall under birch and pine trees, respectively. During the 236 analysed events, the median volume diameter was 1.8 mm (±1.7 mm), and kinetic energy between 0.01 mJ/cm 2 and 23.3 mJ/cm 2 was recorded. We closely analysed the effect of rainfall microstructure on throughfall under pine and birch trees during three specific rainfall events. The increase in drop diameter and fall velocity during a rainfall event instantaneously increased throughfall under pine trees between 25% and 47%, whereas no such changes were observed under birch trees. This may be the consequence of different tree properties of the two species. Additionally, in the case of a saturated canopy, throughfall under pine trees exceeded rainfall in the open after an onset of larger and faster drops.

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“…Rainfall reaches the forest floor via TF and SF. International researchers have conducted a number of studies on these processes 9–13 . Primary forest types include coniferous forests, Chinese firs, Q. monimotricha forests, temperate deciduous forests, larch forests, tropical rain forests and subtropical evergreen forests 14–18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors controlling throughfall in a Pinus tabulaeformis forest in North China

Wang

Liang

2017

Sci Rep

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The factors that control throughfall in Pinus tabulaeformis plantations were investigated using linear and curve analyses based on direct measurements of rainfall, throughfall and stemflow from 36 rainfall events. The results showed the following: (1) there was significant spatial heterogeneity in throughfall rates in P. tabulaeformis plots; (2) the throughfall rate increased with increasing rainfall; and (3) the rate of increase gradually decreased. When rainfall reached approximately 25 mm, the throughfall rate stabilized. The coefficient of variation of the throughfall rate decreased with increasing rainfall, with a peak at approximately 10 mm of rainfall. The coefficient of variation of throughfall stabilized at 20%, and the coefficient of variation of the throughfall rate stabilized at 17%. A linear regression equation (R2 = 0.76) was derived by fitting the P. tabulaeformis average diameter at breast height (DBH), average tree height, average branch height, stand density, canopy thickness, canopy density, and the rainfall and throughfall rate. A highly positive correlation was found between the throughfall rate, canopy density, rainfall class and tree height (P < 0.01). By establishing a quadratic response surface model of the stand structure indicators and the throughfall rate, R2 was increased to 0.85 (P < 0.01). The quadratic regression analysis demonstrated a highly positive correlation between throughfall rate, canopy density and rainfall class.

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Differences in throughfall drop size distributions in the presence and absence of foliage

Cited by 51 publications

References 39 publications

Throughfall partitioning by trees

Throughfall partitioning by trees

Influence of Raindrop Size Distribution on Throughfall Dynamics under Pine and Birch Trees at the Rainfall Event Level

Factors controlling throughfall in a Pinus tabulaeformis forest in North China

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